<p>Edgewood Historic District is a historic district located in the west-central portion of New Haven, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. A predominantly residential area roughly bisected by Edgewood Avenue, a broad boulevard which features a large central esplanade and forms the principal east-west artery through the heart of the district. The area includes 232 contributing buildings, 4 other contributing structures, and 1 contributing object. Most of these were built between about 1888 and 1900, and represent the city&#39;s first neighborhood planned under the tenets of the City Beautiful movement. They are generally either Queen Anne or Colonial Revival in style, and are set  on larger lots.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s most notable topographical feature is the West River, which runs through Edgewood Park in the eastern end of the district on a north-south axis. From the West River, the landscape</p><br>
<p>rapidly rises about forty feet to Yale Avenue on the west. Edgewood Park also includes memorials for the Spanish-American War and the Holocaust. The park&#39;s current layout was designed in 1910 by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. The district includes the central portion of the Edgewood neighborhood, which is generally the area bounded by Whalley Avenue, Sherman Avenue, Chapel Street, and Edgewood Park. The district also borders the Dwight Street Historic District on the east.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood Avenue and is served by the Q route of Connecticut Transit New Haven. The main north-south road is Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10).</p><br>
<p>East Rock Park is a park in the city of New Haven and the town of Hamden, Connecticut that is operated as a New Haven city park. The park surrounds and includes the mountainous ridge named East Rock and was developed with naturalistic landscaping. The entire 427 acre park is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>East Rock is a popular outdoor recreation destination among residents and visitors of the greater New Haven region. Views from the clifftops span metropolitan New Haven, Long Island Sound, and Long Island. The park is open year-round to hikers and walkers. The automobile road is open April 1 to November 1, 8 a.m. to sunset and November 1 to March 31, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and holidays, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., weather permitting. Activities permitted in the park include hiking, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, picnicking, bicycling (on roads and city-designated mountain bike trails only), boating (on the Mill River), bird watching, and dog walking. Rock climbing, swimming, and alcoholic beverages are prohibited. A number of hiking trails traverse the ridge, most notably the Giant Steps Trail which ascends to the summit at a near-vertical pitch from the south. At the foot of the mountain are located football, baseball, and soccer fields, tennis courts, basketball courts, and playgrounds. The Trowbridge Environmental Center is open Thursdays and Fridays from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, and at least one Saturday a month for public programs; it offers displays and information about the geology and ecosystem of East Rock. The Pardee Rose Garden and Greenhouse features roses and other flowering plants from spring to fall, and is a popular place to shoot wedding pictures.</p><br>
<p>The park&#39;s layout is the work of Donald Grant Mitchell and the Olmsted Brothers. The covered bridge is named after A. Frederick Oberlin, a local hero of the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of East Rock Park organization, founded in 1982, is a community and environmental advocacy group that assists with park maintenance by hosting social events and volunteer work days.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places listing for East Rock Park recognizes six contributing buildings, one other contributing structure, six contributing objects and one contributing site The park&#39;s historic, contributing elements include:</p><br>
<p>English Gate, c. 1890, at View Street, with trap rock</p><br>
<p>Pardee Rose Garden, 1922, on State Street</p><br>
<p>Bishop Gate, c. 1890, on State Street, with trap rock</p><br>
<p>Director&#39;s Residence, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>Sheep Barn, c. 1900, a large Colonial/Shingle-style building</p><br>
<p>Queen Anne Barn, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>Greenhouses, 1920s</p><br>
<p>Soldiers and Sailors Monument, from 1887, a 122-foot monument at the summit</p><br>
<p>Whitney Gate, c. 1890 on Whitney Avenue, with brownstone</p><br>
<p>Walls, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>East Rock Road Bridge, a steel arch span bridge from the 1940s</p><br>
<p>There are also a contributing storage shed and a number of non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Erymanthos ) is a mountain range in the southern part of Achaea and the northeastern part of Elis. With an elevation of 2,224 meters, it is the fourth-tallest mountain in the Peloponnese peninsula. The summit is located on the boundary of Achaea and Elis. Historically, Mount Erymanthos was part of northwestern Arcadia, where it was the second-tallest mountain range. The northern portion belonged to the historic Achaea.</p><br>
<h2>Places located near the mountain</h2><br>
<p>Drosia, East</p><br>
<p>Stavrodromi, Northwest</p><br>
<p>Chalandritsa, North</p><br>
<p>Kato Vlasia, East</p><br>
<p>Lampeia, Southwest</p><br>
<h2>Places on the Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Skiada, Southwest</p><br>
<p>Oreini, Southwest</p><br>
<p>Kalousi, Northwest</p><br>
<p>Alpochori, West</p><br>
<p>Kalentzi, West</p><br>
<p>Psofida, South</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Skollis is to the west, and many smaller mountains are to the north. Stretching east and southeast is Chelmos, also known as Aroania, which is the name of both a mountain and a village. Chelmos, which can be seen from the mountain, is located to the east, but stretches to the south. The villages of south area of Panachaiko and Omplos are located in an agriculturally rich valley between the peaks of Erymanthos.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The elevation ranges from 150 m in the north to up to 800 m-1,000 m in the south. Erymanthos is forested around its edges, the forest cover consisting of pine, olive, cedar, birch, and spruce trees. Barren land and grasslands vary from 1,000 m to 1,600 m and non-vegetated portions continue up to the summit. The mountain&#39;s color is derived from the colors of the bedrock, which are brown, butterscotch, and tan. Several dry streams appear on the peak.</p><br>
<p>Connected mountain ranges include Kallifoni and Lampeia (Divri) to the southwest. Other peaks include Moungila or Mougila (Μουγγίλα) at 2,169 m, Profitis Ilias (Προφήτης Ηλίας) at 2,124 m, Pyrgakos or Pirgakos (Πυργάκος) at 2,050 m, one at 1,923 m, I Psili Tourla at 1,891 m, Lepida (Λεπίδα) at 1,541 m, Melissovouni (Μελισσοβούνι meaning "the mountain of bees") at 1,461 m, and Agios Athanasios (Άγιος Αθανάσιος) at 1,219 m. The mountain is the source of the Pineios river to the southwest, Selinountas to the east, Erymanthos to the south, and Peiros and Parapeiros to the southeast. It is part of the Oleni-Pindos geological zone.</p><br>
<h2>Panorama</h2><br>
<p>The view from the summit of Erymanthos includes most of the western and northwestern Peloponnese, northern Arcadia, and the hills of eastern Ilia. The mountains of southern Central Greece and the mountains of the islands of Zakynthos, Kefalonia, and Ithaca can be seen on clear days.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times, Erymanthos was famous as the residence of the Erymanthian Boar. In Greek mythology, the King of Arcadia, Lycaon, named his boar Erymanthus, after the mountain. Heracles (Hercules) captured the Erymanthian Boar and brought it back to Eurystheus as one of his 12 labors.</p><br>
<p>Between the Byzantine Empire and the Greek War of Independence, several villages were founded, including Skiada and Oreino. After World War II and the Greek Civil War, most villages were rebuilt. On February 5, 2008, the mountain was shaken by two earthquakes measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale. One epicenter was in Chalandritsa, and the other was in Farres, outside the range.</p><br>
<p>Lillsjön  is a small lake in the western suburb Bromma in Stockholm, Sweden. It is one of four lakes in the western suburbs, the other being: Kyrksjön, Judarn, and Råcksta Träsk. Located in the small park Lillsjöparken and surrounded by heavily trafficked artery roads on all sides, it is rich in nutrients with high levels of metals in the sediments. Prospects are to improve the water quality to keep the lake as a locale for birds.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>Lillsjön is a small and shallow lake connected to Ulvsundasjön through a channel, and the flow is periodically reversed with water pouring into the lake. Half of the catchment area is composed of forest and open terrain, part of series of parks constituting a local recreational resource. Heavily trafficked roads take up some 4 per cent and settlements (including allotment-gardens) approximately 20 per cent of the surface. The lake is considered as of great recreational value but of moderate natural importance, except as a breeding locale for many fish species in Lake Mälaren. Motorboats are prohibited in the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by the deciduous forest and lawns of the park Lillsjöparken. Three allotment-gardens are found near the lake and 11 ha of the catchment area is occupied by one-family houses. While the inflow from the surrounding area contributed some 200,000 m³ annually, even small variations in water level in Lake Mälaren are of greater importance. Three major artery roads and a ground-level metro track stretches through the area of which Bromma Airport forms a minor part.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental influence</h3><br>
<p>North and east of the lake are a petrol station and other operations considered as having a negative environmental impact. Until the mid-1980s, the lake received considerable amounts of spillway overflow which resulted in high levels of coliform bacteria. A waste water accident in 1997 caused considerable amounts of polluted water to leak into the lake, but since 2001 waste water only reach the lake during longer periods with continuous rain. Low levels of oxygen causes levels of phosphorus to rise in the bottom of the lake during winters and during summers when the lake is stratified. Run-off water from surrounding roads reaches the lake through the ditch dug when the park was created. Most of the nitrogen and more than half of the phosphorus stems from settlements in the area, while allotments-gardens, generally lacking sewers, contributes with nutrients and industries and others operations contributes with zinc and copper. Sediments have high levels of copper and nickel, and deeper sediments contain very high levels of organic compounds such as PAHs and PCB.</p><br>
<h3>Images</h3><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>In late summers, the lake is dominated by various cyanobacterias. The only zooplankton recorded are rotifers. No inventory of aquatic plants have been made since 1976, but the lake shares are dominated by reed with water lilies found in the southern part. Ten fish species were recorded in 1997-1998, including perch, northern pike, carp bream, and pikeperch. Signal crayfish is occasionally found in the lake. The most commonly breeding bird mallard is accompanied by Eurasian coot and great crested grebe. Several other species are found in the reeds, including reed warbler and reed bunting, and many other regularly uses the lake as a stopover. Common frog has been recorded in the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>While the lake by itself is mostly local interest, there are various historical structures in the surrounding area making it popular for promenades, including petroglyphs, runestones, the 17th century Ulvsunda Palace, and several 19th century mansions and other buildings considered of great local interest. The nearest metro station is Abrahamsberg.</p><br>
<p>Brown Lake is a lake on North Stradbroke Island, in Queensland, Australia. There are no native fish in the lake.</p><br>
<p>Known as a perched lake like other lakes on the sandy islands in the regions of South-East Queensland and Wide Bay-Burnett, it retains its water due to a layer of leaves lining the lake floor. This is particularly apparent in the Brown Lake as tannin is exuded from the leaves, dropped from surrounding Paperbark Melaleuca and Tea-trees Leptospermum, stains the water to a rich brown colour not dissimilar to that of tea.</p><br>
<p>Because of the high levels of organic material in the lake&#39;s waters it is considered to be warm monomictic.</p><br>
<h2>Aboriginal significance</h2><br>
<p>Brown Lake is very significant to the people of Quandamooka, particularly Dandrubin-Gorenpul and Noonucal Aboriginal groups. The Aboriginal people of the Brown Lake area, the Quandamooka people, associate the area very strongly with women and children, only women can speak for Brown Lake and women are responsible by Law to care for manage the lake and its resources.</p><br>
<p>Šušvė is a river in central Lithuania. It begins in Kelmė district municipality, 6 km  southeast from Tytuvėnai. The river passes through Tytuvėnai and Sulinkiai Marshes and flows south through Radviliškis district municipality. Finally, Šušvė passes through Kėdainiai district municipality and flows into the Nevėžis River near Graužiai village. The width of the river valley is between 0.5 and 3 km. From December to March Šušvė is usually frozen. Dams were built at Vaitiekūnai and Angiriai. Šušvė Hydrological Reserve was established in 1992 to protect the lower courses of the river.</p><br>
<p>The main tributaries are Beržė, Žiedupė, Srautas, Sarva, Gomerta, Žadikė, Ažytė, Liedas, Vikšrupis, Putnupys. The main towns and villages by the Šušvė river are Šiaulėnai, Pašušvys (Radviliškis municipality), Grinkiškis, Vaitiekūnai, Pašušvys (Kėdainiai municipality), Angiriai, Josvainiai.</p><br>
<p></text></p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Henry Clay Frick Fine Arts Building is a landmark Renaissance villa and a contributing property to the Schenley Farms-Oakland Civic Historic District on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The Frick Fine Arts Building sits on the southern edge of Schenley Plaza, opposite The Carnegie Institute, and is the home of Pitt’s History of Art and Architecture Department, Studio Arts Department, and the Frick Fine Arts Library. Before its front steps is Mary Schenley Memorial Fountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Frick Fine Arts Building sits on the site of the former Schenley Park Casino, Pittsburgh&#39;s first multi-purpose arena with an indoor ice skating rink, sat on the location of the building before burning down in December 1896.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a gift of Helen Clay Frick (1888–1984), daughter of the Pittsburgh industrialist and art patron Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919). She established the Fine Arts Department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1926 and continued to fund it through the 1950s, when she first made a commitment to create a separate structure to house it. Land for the project was donated to the university by the City of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>In early negotiations with the University of Pittsburgh, Miss Frick asked that successors to the New York architects Carrère and Hastings design the new facility after the Italian palazzo its firm had built in Manhattan for her father some fifty years earlier. Eventually, however, both parties agreed to Burton Kenneth Johnstone Associates as the architects. Its design is modeled after Pope Julius IIIs (1487–1555) Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy. The building is constructed of white limestone and marble with a terracotta tile roof around a central courtyard. An octagonal cupola, which caps the central rotunda, rises 45 feet above the ground. The building houses the University of Pittsburghs Department of History of Art and Architecture, and contains classrooms, an open cloister, an art gallery, a 200-seat auditorium, as well as a research library. Construction began in 1962 and the building was opened in May 1965.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1960s Miss Frick, unhappy that the university did not conform to her restrictions on management of both the department and the new building, severed her ties with the University of Pittsburgh. She responded by creating a new venture, The Frick Art Museum, on the property of her ancestral home, Clayton, a few miles east in Pittsburgh&#39;s Point Breeze neighborhood. That museum operates today as a part of the Frick Art & Historical Center complex.</p><br>
<h2>Building use and features</h2><br>
<p>The Frick Fine Arts Building consists of classrooms, a library, and art galleries around an open cloister and contains a 45 ft high octagon capped by a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>A noted 1965 low relief portrait of Henry Clay Frick by Malvina Hoffman in limestone sits above the entrance to the building. Hoffman was 79 years old when she accepted the commission. She could not sculpt it herself because union rules prevented sculptors from working on a relief attached to a building. However, she climbed up on the scaffolding to oversee the completion of the work. Inside the main entrance, a neon work by contemporary Chinese artist Gu Wenda is installed in the lobby.</p><br>
<p>The building also contains a 200-seat auditorium that is used for lectures, performances, and special events.</p><br>
<h2>Nicholas Lochoff Cloister</h2><br>
<p>The Nicholas Lochoff Cloister is a main feature of the Frick Fine Arts Building. Its large paintings of Italian masterpieces are scale reproductions that were commissioned in 1911 from Nicholas Lochoff by the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts). Lochoff worked slowly and carefully. Only a few paintings were completed and sent back to Russia by the Russian Revolution of 1917. Lochoff, unable to return because of new communist regime, felt compelled to sell off the paintings. Buyers included Harvard University and the Frick Art Reference Library in New York. Miss Frick acquired the entire collection, however, after Lochoff&#39;s death, with the help of art critic Bernard Berenson. In 2003, the paintings were cleaned and restored by Christine Daulton. Also in the gallery are noted Carrara marble reproductions of 14th century Annunciation figures by sculptor Alceo Dossena.</p><br>
<h2>Frick Fine Arts Library</h2><br>
<p>Located in Frick Fine Arts Building, this two-story library houses a circulating research collection serving the Department of the History of Art and Architecture. The Collection contains over 90,000 volumes and subscribes to more than 350 journals in relevant fields and is ranked among the top 10 fine art libraries in the country. The library&#39;s reading room is constructed of fruit wood paneling and cabinetwork with gold leaf trim designed by Italian craftsmen. The library is further appointed by wrought iron balcony railings, terracotta tile flooring, maple tables with matching Windsor chairs, and ceiling-high windows furnishing views of Schenley Park. An inscription on the wall facing the entrance indicates the libraries dedication to Henry Clay Frick.</p><br>
<h2>University Arts Gallery</h2><br>
<p>The permanent collection contains a collection of prints and graphic works dating from the 16th through 20th centuries and regularly hosts changing exhibitions sponsored by the Department of the History of Art and Architecture and the Friends organization. Some of the more prominent pieces in the permanent collection include a large collection of Jacques Callot and Gertrude Quastler prints; 16th-18th century drawings from the Clapp and Denny families; a collection of 19th and 20th century photography; the Gimbel collection of American art; and various Japanese prints, Asian ceramics, portraits, and Pittsburgh-related paintings by Hetzel, Gorson, and Kane.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Frick Fine Arts Building appeared in scenes set at the University of Pittsburgh on an episode of As the World Turns that aired on November 12, 2002.</p><br>
<p>FrickFineArtsLobby.jpgFrick Fine Arts main entrance lobby</p><br>
<p>The curator and Exhibitions manager of the Arts Gallery is Mrs Isabelle Chartier, M. A., formerly of Montréal (Québec). She is akin to the 17th & 18th French explorers and fur traders Martin Chartier and his son Pierre (aka Peter), a half-breed, whose names are landmarks in the Pittsburgh area (Chartiers Creek at McKee&#39;s Rock, etc.).</p><br>
<p>Laduviken  is a lake in Norra Djurgården, a semi-rural area in north-eastern Stockholm, Sweden, forming part of the Royal National City Park. It is one of six lakes in Djurgården, the others being: Lillsjön, Uggleviken, Isbladskärret, Lappkärret, and Spegeldammen.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>Most of the catchment area is composed of open grassland with scattered oaks and other hardwood. West of the lake, the buildings of the Stockholm University take up some 20 per cent of the surface and a few roads, a traffic route, the suburban railway Roslagsbanan, and the subterranean metro passes through the area. East of the lake are some minor one-family houses and commercial buildings. The terrain north of the lake is flat while the southern shore is steep and, as the area west of the lake is drained by a ditch dug through a filled-up wetland, most of the catchment area is located there and most of the inflow comes from an ooze and oil separator treating water from human-made structures. A tiny river guides the outflow east to the bay Husarviken which is part of the strait Lilla Värtan. In the late 1970s, the lake was deepened by dredging to prevent it from becoming choked-up during the 21st century, and a system of canals was then created in the western end of the lake. As part of a national park, the lake is considered as of great recreational value.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental influence</h3><br>
<p>Most of the phosphorus reaching the lake are most likely derived from the university, while nitrogen contribution is derived from surrounding landscape and equal shares of copper input stems from all surrounding areas and structures. Generally the lake is considered as in good health with low levels of most metals and organic compounds, even though presence of hydrogen sulphide has been recorded relatively frequently, levels of copper in top sediments did increase during the 1990s, and analysis&#39;s of subsoil water in 1997 showed signs of environmental contamination.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Presence of phytoplankton is low in August with exceptional blue green algae, green algae, and golden algae. Occurrence of zooplankton is more varied with several species of rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Among the aquatic plants in the lake fennel pondweed is notable as it normally only occurs in sea bays. Other aquatic plants and nymphoides include rigid hornwort, broad-leaved pondweed, perfoliate pondweed, water-starwort, Nymphaea alba, Lemna, and Chara tomentosa (for which the lake is, together with Kyrksjön, the only locale in Stockholm).</p><br>
<p>The sparse fauna before the dredging of the lake, after 1995 evolved into a pretty considerable variety of species typical for shallow lakes rich in nutrients. Two species of freshwater snails, Bithynia leachii and Gyraulus crista, were earlier considered as endangered. Noteworthy is also the population of several freshwater mussels, duck mussel and swan mussel, and Hippeutis complanatus, the latter two declining. A species of Oligochaeta new in Sweden has been reported in the lake just like did the rare hairy dragonfly. An inventory of dragonfly larvae in 2000 unveiled several other species (mostly red-eyed damselfly but also common blue damselfly, azure damselfly, variable damselfly, and northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum). Fish population reflects the shortage of oxygen with an absence of carp bream and silver bream and an abundance of perch, roach, and crucian carp dating back to before the dredging. The outlet forms a threshold for migrating species.</p><br>
<p>Mallard and great crested grebe are breeding in the lake, just like are occasionally common moorhen and Canada goose (introduced in Sweden in the 1930s). Marsh warbler and gray heron are often seen among the reed. Even though reed have been cleared to attract waders, as a locale for birs, the lake hasn&#39;t meat expectations much due to neglected attention of the canals and islands. There are three species of protected frogs in the lake: common frog, common toad, and smooth newt.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The lake and the national city park are easily accessible by bus, metro, bicycle, or by foot. Nearest metro station is Universitetet.</p><br>
<p>Central United Methodist Church is located at 201 East Third Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee. On November 9, 2005, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and is listed as a contributing property within the Fourth and Gill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The church was organized in 1924 as a merger between Broad Street Methodist and Centenary Methodist churches after a fire destroyed the Broad Street building. The present structure was completed in 1927 in the Gothic Revival style. Baumann & Baumann of Knoxville were the architects. The exterior of the church is primarily brick, but also includes stone, limestone and marble. At the time of its completion, the sanctuary was Knoxville&#39;s largest church auditorium, seating 1,600. The organ was purchased from the Riviera Theater in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The congregation is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>Taunton Castle is a castle built to defend the town of Taunton, Somerset, England.</p><br>
<p>It has origins in the Anglo Saxon period and was later the site of a priory. The Normans then built a stone structured castle, which belonged to the Bishops of Winchester. The current heavily reconstructed buildings are the inner ward, which now houses the Museum of Somerset and the Somerset Military Museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a grade I listed building in 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Anglo Saxon origins</h2><br>
<p>The earliest fortification of Taunton started for King Ine of Wessex and Æthelburg, in or about the year 710. However, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle this was destroyed twelve years later, however it is unlikely this was on the site of the current castle. An ecclesiastical minster is traditionally said to have been founded at Taunton, only a few years later, by Queen Frithugyth, wife of King Æthelheard of Wessex, and the Bishops of Wessex appear to have built a manor house, adjoining it.</p><br>
<h2>Medieval and Tudor eras</h2><br>
<p>At the time of the Domesday Book Taunton belonged to the Bishop of Winchester, who had a minster or Augustinian Priory on the site. Between 1107 and 1129 William Giffard the Chancellor of King Henry I, converted the bishops hall into a castle. It was his successor, Henry of Blois, who transformed the manor-house here into a mighty castle in 1138, during the Civil War that raged during the reign of his brother, King Stephen. In 1216, Bishop Peter des Roches, a supporter of King John, defended the castle during a barons revolt. By the late 12th century the keep measured 65 ft by 98 ft with a first floor great hall over a stone vaulted undercroft. During the Second Barons&#39; War it was used as a prison for the son of Simon de Montfort who was held here until 1282. In 1451, when the Earl of Devon besieged the castle which was held by Lord Bonville, it was arranged around two baileys.</p><br>
<p>The gate-house of the inner ward was probably of Edward I&#39;s date (1239–1307), but it was changed by Bishop Walter Langton in 1496. He inserted a large two-lighted Tudor window and placed a tablet bearing his own arms, supported by angels, above it and the Royal Coat of King Henry VII below. The Great Hall, which stands just opposite the gateway, is 120 ft by 31 ft, with walls apparently, in part, Norman, but much changed by later generations. Bishop Langton inserted Tudor windows but all of them, save two in the north front, have been replaced by seventeenth or eighteenth century substitutes. The last building erected within the walls was a schoolhouse, paid for by Bishop Richard Foxe in the 1520s.</p><br>
<h2>Stuart era and Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Taunton Castle had fallen into ruin by 1600 but it was repaired during the Civil War. Taunton had been captured by the Parliamentarian army under the Earl of Essex in June 1644 making it the only Parliamentary enclave in the South West of the country. After Essex&#39;s army was forced to surrender at Lostwithiel in Cornwall in September, the Royalists maintained a Siege of Taunton. From July 1644 to July 1645 Parliamentary forces commanded by Colonel Robert Blake were besieged by Royalist forces under Lord Goring, although the town was briefly relieved by Sir William Waller in late November. A relief column under Colonel Ralph Weldon made it to Taunton on 11 May, but the combined forces were still besieged. The two generals held out until help arrived on 14 June after the troops could be spared from the Battle of Naseby. After the war, in 1662, the keep was demolished and only the base remains.</p><br>
<p>It was in the Great Hall, in 1685, that Judge Jeffreys held the Bloody Assizes following the Monmouth Rebellion. Of more than 500 supporters of James Monmouth brought before the court on the 18 and 19 September 144 were hanged and their remains displayed around the county to ensure people understood the fate of those who rebelled against the king.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Taunton was a typical Norman keep of the first half of the twelfth century, 50 ft long by 40 ft wide,</p><br>
<p>By 1780, many parts of the castle had fallen into a bad condition and were repaired in a Georgian style by Sir Benjamin Hammet, a banker of Lombard Street, London, and the Member of Parliament for Taunton. In 1786 he purchased the grant as bailiff and keeper of Taunton Castle in the names of his sons and his nephew. He put on a new roof, inserted many windows and recast many other details all round the castle. During the 18th and 19th centuries the Great Hall was used for public meetings.</p><br>
<p>The outer ward is now occupied by two hotels, which have been crenellated, in order to be in keeping with the genuine battlements of the inner ward. But the great gate, opening into the enclosure, where they stand, is in part a genuine antique, having the arches of an "Early Decorated " gate-house of about the time of Edward I, though the superstructure is a restoration of 1816. In 1873 it was bought by the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society and between 1899 and 1900 the Great Hall was repaired and refitted as their chief museum space. In 1908-9 the Adam Library was created to house the society&#39;s growing collection of books.</p><br>
<h2>The castle today</h2><br>
<p>The great hall and inner ward of the original castle make up the Museum of Somerset which opened in September 2011 after a £7 million refurbishment, partially funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.</p><br>
<p>The 17th century Castle House has been designated as an Ancient Monument. Due to its condition it was placed on Heritage at Risk register and underwent necessary repairs, but as of 2013 is still unoccupied.</p><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart is a building located at 6 Chalmers Street in Charleston, South Carolina that once housed an antebellum slave auction gallery. Constructed in 1859, the building is believed to be the last extant slave auction facility in South Carolina. In 1975, the Old Slave Mart was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its role in Charleston&#39;s African-American history. Today, the building houses the Old Slave Mart Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart was originally part of a slave market known as Ryans Mart, which covered a large enclosed lot between Chalmers and Queen streets. The market was established in 1856 by Charleston City Councilman Thomas Ryan, after a citywide ban on public slave auctions made private facilities necessary. Slave auctions were held at the site until approximately 1863; in 1865, the Union Army occupied Charleston and closed Ryans Mart. The Old Slave Mart Museum has operated on and off since 1938.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart is a 67 ft by 19 ft brick structure with a stuccoed façade. The front (south side) faces the cobblestone-paved Chalmers Street. The building originally measured 44 ft by 20 ft, but an extension in 1922 gave it its current dimensions. The unique façade of the Old Slave Mart consists of 20 ft octagonal pillars at each end, with a central elliptical arch comprising the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The building originally contained one large room with a 20 ft ceiling. In 1878, a second floor was added, and the roof was overhauled. The arched entryway originally held an iron gate; in the late 1870s it was filled in with simple doors. Interior partitions were added in subsequent decades, dividing the first floor into three rooms. Today, there is an iron gate in the archway once again.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the first half of the 19th century, slaves brought into Charleston were sold at public auctions held on the north side of the Exchange and Provost building. After the city prohibited public slave auctions in 1856, enclosed slave markets sprang up along Chalmers, State, and Queen streets. One such market was Ryans Mart, established by City Councilman and broker, Thomas Ryan and his business partner, James Marsh. Ryans Mart originally consisted of a closed lot with three structures&mdash; a four-story barracoon or slave jail, a kitchen, and a morgue or "dead house."</p><br>
<p>In 1859, an auction master named Z. B. Oakes purchased Ryans Mart, and built what is now the Old Slave Mart building for use as an auction gallery. The buildings auction table was 3 ft high and 10 ft long and stood just inside the arched doorway. In addition to slaves, the market sold real estate and stock. Slave auctions at Ryan&#39;s Mart were advertised in broadsheets throughout the 1850s, some appearing as far away as Galveston, Texas.</p><br>
<p>When Union forces occupied Charleston beginning in February 1865, the slaves still imprisoned at Ryan&#39;s Mart were freed.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, the Old Slave Mart was converted into a tenement dwelling, with a second floor added. A car dealership and showroom operated in the building in the 1920s, necessitating the expansion of the rear of the building. In 1938, Miriam B. Wilson purchased the building and established the Old Slave Mart Museum, which initially displayed African and African-American art.</p><br>
<p>The City of Charleston and the South Carolina African American Heritage Commission restored the Old Slave Mart in the late 1990s. The museum now interprets the history of the city&#39;s slave trade. The area behind the building, which once contained the barracoon and kitchen, is now a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>Vatnsfjörður is a nature reserve located north-west of Breiðafjörður on the Hjarðarnes coast of northwestern Iceland.</p><br>
<p>Vatnsfjörður was legally declared a nature reserve in 1975 and is part of the land owned by the head estate Brjánslækur. In accordance with nature reserve regulations, conventional utilization of the land is permitted and there is considerable sheep farming in the area which covers approximately 20 hectares of mostly rough vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>At the western boundary of the nature reserve is the river Þverá; from there the boundary runs north to the ancient glacier Gláma, roughly following the watershed past Hornatær mountain and the Dynjandisheið moor. From Gláma it falls south to Þingmannaheiði moor and southwest to the Hörgsnes tip, which marks the mouth of the fjord in the east.</p><br>
<p>Lakes and ponds are numerous on the reserve with Lake Vatnsdalsvatn being the largest, with an area of two square kilometers.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The bedrock in this territory is a part of the Tertiary Basalt Formation and probably dates back 10-13 million years. The landscape has been shaped and molded by ice age glaciers; it contains U-shaped valleys and glacial striae. The rocky pinnacles of Hornatær tower over the fjord from the west and stand at more than 700 meters above sea level. Glacial dikes are common in the area and geothermal heat extracted from the area has been used to heat swimming pools.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and tourism</h2><br>
<p>In Vatnsfjörður, the climate is mild for Iceland and summers are pleasantly warm an important spot for excursions around Vestfirðir, the West Fjords. It is a 90-minute drive from Vatnsfjörður to the Látrabjarg birdcliffs, the valley of Selárdalur and the town of Ísafjörður, while Vatnsfjörður to the Dynjandi waterfall takes 30 minutes by car. A boat trip to the island of Flatey on the ferry Baldur takes an hour.</p><br>
<h2>Habitat</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Vatnsfjörður has quite a diverse number of species, though the number of individuals of each species is particularly low although wasps are known to be abundant in the area.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 20 species of birds inhabit the nature reserve. The Eider duck is a common sight on the fjord and the Harlequin duck is common in April and May, but by midsummer the Red-throated loon is the most widespread. Sea eagles and gerfalcons are frequently spotted but they rarely nest on the nature reserve. Wood mice, Arctic foxes and mink roam the area. Seals inhabit the reefs, by the Hörgsnes peninsula. Salmon are found in the river Vatnsdalsá, and trout in the lake Vatnsdalsvatn.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Birch is the most dominant plant in the region, and in places is quite tall. Rowan and willow trees grow in the area. Wood Cranesbill is plentiful. Juniper and ferns are more common here than in most other areas of Barðaströnd. Plants typical of heath communities abound, especially Bilberry. On the rocky moors the various lichens and mosses complement each other in colorful picturesque scenery. Like elsewhere in Breiðafjörður, the ebb tide is considerable and a variety of algae and small aquatic creatures can be found on the rocky beach.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>In Flókalundur a hotel is operated during the summer, along with a petrol station and a camping site with sanitary facilities. There are also summerhouses and a swimming pool, with hot water deriving from the geothermal borehole to a pool by the seashore. Fish farming is practiced adjacent to the river Þverá and, at times, tourists can occasionally buy fishing permits for the ponds. Fishing licenses for Vatnsdalsá and Vatnsdalsvatn are sold in Flókalundur and Brjánslækur.</p><br>
<p>A ranger from the Nature Conservation Agency lives in the park during the summer providing information on the region, in addition to organizing walks and hikes.</p><br>
<p>Lillsjön  is a small, former lake in Norra Djurgården, a semi-rural area in north-eastern central Stockholm, Sweden, forming part of the Royal National City Park. Today transformed into a wetland, it is often mentioned as one of the six lakes in the area, the other being: Laduviken, Uggleviken, Isbladskärret, Lappkärret, and Spegeldammen.</p><br>
<p>Lillsjön used to be connected to other lakes in the area through narrow straits. Through a project sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature, water was pumped into the small basin reinforced by new embankments. Reed was also burnt away, and the former lake thus transformed into a shore meadow attracting many birds, starting with northern lapwings in March, followed by common snipes later in spring. In autumn, many birds rest here on their way south, such as wood sandpipers, common redshanks, greenshanks, and ruffs.</p><br>
<p>A striking feature at Lillsjön are the Highland cattle residing there from May to October. Not only do they attract many Stockholmers of all ages, they also affect the local fauna as they eat reed and tufted hair-grass, thus preventing these species from taking over the area &ndash; and thereby allowing space to flowers such as cowslips and bitter vetch, as well as birds and insects attracted by water.</p><br>
<p>Back Allegheny Mountain is a long mountain ridge in eastern West Virginia. It is part of the Shavers Fork Mountain Complex in the Allegheny Range of the Appalachians.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Back Allegheny Mountain runs 18 mi north to south and 8 mi east to west, covering a geographic area of 76 square miles. The mountain rises abruptly from the Greenbrier River valley in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, and runs nearly parallel to Cheat Mountain to its west. The mountain reaches its elevational climax of 4,843 ft at Bald Knob, 5 mi north of Snowshoe Ski Resort. The second highest point on the mountain is Hosterman Benchmark West at 4,757 ft. Hosterman is approximately 3.3 mi north of Bald Knob.</p><br>
<p>North of USA Route 250 west of Durbin, the same structural fold of the Earth&#39;s crust that forms Back Allegheny Mountain continues north as Shavers Mountain for an additional 35 mi.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Almost the entirety of Back Allegheny Mountain is protected by the Monongahela National Forest. The summit of Bald Knob is owned by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Back Allegheny and other mountains in the area are known for their extensive red spruce forests, as well as other high altitude plants and animals. The whole of Back Allegheny is an environmentally sensitive area.</p><br>
<p>Bald Knob is the terminus of the 11 mi long Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. The railroad carries visitors to an elevation of 4,730 ft approximately 0.25 mi north of the summit ridge. An overlook platform gives visitors a view of the Greenbrier Valley and, on clear days, a view all the way into Virginia 12 mi away.</p><br>
<p>Snowshoe Mountain Ski Resort is situated in the bowl-shaped convergence of Back Allegheny with Cheat Mountain at the head of Shavers Fork. This area is essentially the southern terminus of both mountains.</p><br>
<p>Saganaga Lake is a large lake on the Minnesota – Ontario international border. It is protected by the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in the United States and by Quetico Provincial Park and La Verendrye Provincial Park in Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is both the deepest and largest lake in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with a maximum depth of 280 ft and surface area of 13,832 acres.</p><br>
<p>Saganaga is a popular fishing destination, with northern pike, walleye, lake trout, smallmouth bass, and lake whitefish among others. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has issued a consumption advisory for some fish in Saganaga Lake due to mercury pollution. The Lake is the eastern boundary of the historical Hunter Island region. Saganaga Lake is bordered to the south by Seagull Lake, home to Wilderness Canoe Base.</p><br>
<p>Nukutavake or Nukutuvake is an island in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It lies 1125 km from Tahiti. The closest land is small Pinaki Atoll, located 15 km to the southeast. Vairaatea Atoll lies 38 km to the west of Nukutavake.</p><br>
<p>Nukutavake&#39;s length is 5 km and its width between 0.45 km and 1.3 km. Nukutuvake is not a typical Tuamotu atoll, but a single island. It was formed when its lagoon filled up with silt, in a similar manner as Fua Mulaku in the Maldives, which has a similar size and shape. There are shallow remains of the lagoon filled with marshy vegetation. The higher ground has many coconut palms.</p><br>
<p>Nukutavake has 188 inhabitants; Tavananui is the largest town. Many islanders have left the island in recent years, mainly to Tahiti, in search for work. There are a number of abandoned houses on the island. The people who remain live primarily on fish and copra production.</p><br>
<p>There is a cyclone shelter on Nukutavake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded European to arrive at Nukutavake was Englishman Samuel Wallis in 1767. He named it "Queen Charlotte Island" (Reine Charlotte). Wallis observed that the island was inhabited and well-stocked with coconut trees, but Captain Frederick Beechey, who visited Nukutavake in 1826, found it with no population and without the trees.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Geographically this island is part of the East-central subgroup of the Tuamotus, which includes Ahunui, Amanu, Fangatau, Hao and Nukutavake.</p><br>
<p>The commune of Nukutavake includes four other islands apart from Nukutavake itself:</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>The island is served by the Nukutavake Airport.</p><br>
<p>Woodbine, also known as the Anders Rasmussen House, is a historic early-20th-century estate located at New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana. It was built in 1920 for Anders Rasmussen, who owned a florist business in New Albany and once served as a florist for the King of Denmark. The -story Bungalow / American Craftsman-style house is made of stucco, brick, limestone, asphalt, and terra cotta, with a full basement. The house includes a -story caretakers apartment. The house stayed with the family until 1945, and has gone through several hands since then. The estate is currently owed and being restored by the owner/winemaker for Downtown New Albanys River City Winery located just two miles away. Plans for a vineyard on the estate are underway.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Silent Pool is a spring-fed lake at the foot of the North Downs, about 6.5 km east of Guildford in Surrey. It is managed together with the nearby Newlands Corner by the Surrey Wildlife Trust, within the privately owned Albury Estate. The outflow from Silent Pool runs into a second, adjacent, lake, Sherbourne Pond, created in the mid-seventeenth century. In turn the outflow from the Sherbourne Pond feeds the Sherbourne Brook, a tributary of the Tilling Bourne.</p><br>
<p>Silent Pool is considered by some to be a sacred site. It is linked to a folklore tale that says King John on his horse abducted a woodcutter&#39;s daughter who was forced into the deep water and drowned. According to the legend, the maiden can be seen at midnight. This legend appears to have come from a book written by Martin Tupper in 1858 called Stephan Langton or The Days Of King John (A Romance of the Silent Pool). The story is based on real historic characters including Stephen Langton, a former Archbishop of Canterbury and King John.</p><br>
<p>In December 1926, when crime writer Agatha Christie infamously disappeared, it was feared that she had drowned in the Silent Pool after her car was discovered at nearby Newlands Corner.</p><br>
<p>The lake was admired by the poet Alfred Tennyson.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Silent Pool Spring is the only major spring source in the 10.5 mile-long scarp slope of the North Downs between the Wey and Mole valleys. It discharges between 1 and 10 megalitres (220,000 to 2.2 million gallons) per day into Silent Pool; and the lake water exhibits a blue opalescence characteristic of chalk spring-fed ponds. In prolonged dry periods, Silent Pool has been known to dry up, although the lower Sherbourne Pond has not.</p><br>
<p>The Silent Pool lies on Lower Chalk, observable at the northern end of the pond. Sherbourne Pond lies mainly on Gault clay, while its northern end and the stream connecting the two ponds lies on Upper Greensand. Blocks of the Upper Greensand can be found in the stream bed: a pale grey siltstone which weathers to brown and is harder than the chalk.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>A survey of the Silent Pool in 2006 suggested that the southern half of Silent Pool was dug out at the same time as Sherbourne Pond (1662), while the northern half is of natural origin. It appears that this natural half of the pond was made deeper and lined with clay when the southern half (lined with clay and heather) was added.</p><br>
<p>In recent years the Pool came under attack by the invasive weed Crassula helmsii. The weed was thought to have been introduced to the Pool by someone tipping the contents of an unwanted aquarium into it. If it had been allowed to grow unchecked, it would have changed the Silent Pool and Sherbourne Pond drastically, “leaving nothing but a green spongy mass, devoid of life”. Thankfully, the sum of £49,960 was raised and work is currently under way to eradicate the weed and restore the waters.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The pool has been a popular site for visitors since Victorian times. It has a car park, directly on the A25, and a footpath leading to a viewing platform and a walkway which encircles the pool. It can also be reached by walkers on the North Downs Way via a direct path descending the slope.</p><br>
<h2>Production of Gin</h2><br>
<p>Since 2014, water from the Silent Pool has been used in the production of Gin on a site adjacent to the pool. In keeping with the original vision for a sustainable business, a vintage wood-fired steam boiler was restored to power the hand-built copper still, created for Silent Pool Distillers by the Arnold Holstein Company in the Lake Constance area of Germany. The Gin has proved popular and the company are now expanding the site, which will include the provision of a larger still. The company operates tours of their distillery, which includes a tasting session.</p><br>
<p>The Belen Pass , also known as the Syrian Gates, is a mountain pass located in the Belen District of Hatay Province in south-central Turkey. The narrow pass through the Nur Mountains , said to be 300 paces across, is the most important route from the coastal region of Cilicia to inland Syria. It is one of two passes through the Amanus, the other being the Amanian Gate to the north.</p><br>
<p>Cyrus the younger with an army of 100,000 and the legendary Greek army of "ten thousand" (Xenophon Anabasis ca. 401 BC) passed through the Syrian Gate without a fight as the Persian general holding the garrison chose to retreat.</p><br>
<p>The pass is perhaps best known as the point through which Alexander the Great pursued the forces of Darius III of Persia after the Battle of Issus. It was also the location of the Battle of Amanus Pass. Also near the western end of the pass is the Pillar of Jonah, where the prophet Jonah was supposedly disgorged by the whale that had swallowed him.</p><br>
<p>On July 28, 1832, a major battle took place at the pass between the Ottoman and Egyptian armies, where the forces of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt defeated the Ottomans.</p><br>
<p>The Youghiogheny River Lake is a flood control reservoir in southwestern Pennsylvania and western Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The lake was formed in 1944 by the damming of the Youghiogheny River upstream from Confluence, Pennsylvania. Youghiogheny Dam is an earthen structure, 184 feet high and 1610 long at its crest, owned and operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The reservoir&#39;s normal surface area is about 4.4 square miles, and it has a maximum capacity of 300,000 acre-feet, although its normal storage level is 149,300 acre-feet.</p><br>
<p>The town of Somerfield, Pennsylvania, was abandoned, razed, and inundated when the reservoir was filled. The stone Great Crossings Bridge of the National Road, which crossed the Youghiogheny at Somerfield, is visible at extremely low water levels.</p><br>
<p>The United States Marine Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, in the Portland neighborhood was built in 1845, and is considered by the National Park Service to be the best remaining antebellum hospital in the United States. Of the seven hospitals built in the mid-19th century by the Marine Hospital Service "for the benefit of sick seamen, boatmen, and other navigators on the western rivers and lakes." It is the only one still standing, even after surviving two tornadoes. The building has been extensively restored to match its appearance in 1899.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The USA Marine Hospital opened in 1852. The patients at the Louisville Marine Hospital were usually victims of disease, temperature extremes, and mechanical deficiencies of the era&#39;s naval technology. During the American Civil War, along with Jefferson General Hospital, it formed the foundation of Louisville health care for wounded soldiers, both Union and captured Confederates. It is believed that a third of the total patients were black. During World War I the hospital cared for many amputees injured in the war. During the 1930s, it served as housing for nurses and doctors of nearby hospitals. The hospital closed in 1933.</p><br>
<p>The city of Louisville purchased the building in 1950 for $25,000 and used it for a short time as a hospital for the chronically ill.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1950s, it housed medical residents working in the newer hospital directly behind it, which replaced the Marine Hospital and today is known as Family Health Center Portland. The building was vacant from 1976 until 2007. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2003, the National Trust for Historic Preservation (NTHP) placed the building on its Americas Most Endangered Places list, which helped spark public interest in restoring it. The hospital has now been returned to its 1899 appearance, the earliest reference of the buildings appearance that can be found. In 2003, the hospital received a $375,000 Save America&#39;s Treasures grant from the NTHP to repair its roof and exterior. On November 11, 2005, rebuilding of the structure began. The smokestack, constructed in 1933, was demolished to help return the structure to its 1899 appearance. The octagonal cupola, which patients used to better view the passing river traffic during its heyday, was also rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>Small buildings that once housed a boiler and a parking structure were razed to reflect the original design.</p><br>
<p>The 28 sets of wrought iron railings lining the building&#39;s galleries were either restored or replaced by the same Covington, Kentucky-based iron works company that created the original ones in 1850.</p><br>
<p>The hospital celebrated the completion of its exterior restoration phase with an open house on June 16, 2007</p><br>
<h2>Future plans</h2><br>
<p>Several plans have been devised to use the structure. During Paul E. Patton&#39;s term as Kentucky governor, the hospital was considered as a welcome center for those entering Kentucky from the Sherman Minton Bridge. Traffic projections stopped that plan from being implemented.</p><br>
<p>The basement, which formerly held boilers, is to be used as a 3,450 ft&sup2; multi-use ballroom and rented out for parties and other special events. The building&#39;s ground floor is to be used as an interactive center featuring hospital history and artifacts.</p><br>
<p>The remaining two floors are slated for agencies and organizations specializing in improving community health within underserved urban communities.</p><br>
<p>Media reports have stated that the University of Louisville is close to signing a deal to put a Community Health Center in the historic building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure was strategically placed between the wharfs of Louisville and Portland, with a "beneficial effect of a view of the (Ohio River), and the impressions and associations it would naturally awake in the minds of men whose occupation were so intimately connected with it.". It was designed by Robert Mills, who designed the Washington Monument and several other prominent structures. It was a "cutting edge" facility, with indoor plumbing and an air circulation system that helped prevent infections.</p><br>
<p>The Jungnangcheon  is a tributary of Seoul&#39;s Han River. It is generated in the valley of Dorak Mountain of Yangju, Gyeonggi-do. Cheonggyecheon is a tributary of Jungnangcheon.</p><br>
<p>Its whole river basin extends to 299.9 km². Most of the stream is located in Uijeongbu and Seoul.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Citizens enjoy jogging and cycling near the river. The cycling track links to other tracks on both the nearby Cheongyecheon stream and the Han river.</p><br>
<p>Seoul Selection reports that there are some areas alongside the stream where rape flowers are visible in May.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>The river contains a large amount of pollutants especially from domestic pollution. Experts have pointed out that the pollution originates from the upper reaches of the stream. In summer 2007, more than 200 fish died after a heavy rain. Pollutants at the bottom of the riverbed contaminated the stream after a storm, and citizens called environmental authorities.</p><br>
<p>Uijeongbu city government reported its plan to build more ecologically-friendly sewage disposal plants.</p><br>
<p>Despite the likelihood that the water is not clean, many people fish in the river downstream from Uijeongbu.</p><br>
<p>Hesselberg  is the highest point in Middle Franconia and the Franconian Jura and is situated 60 km south west of Nuremberg, Germany. The mountain stands isolated and far from the center of the Franconian Jura, in its southwestern border region, 4 km to the north west of Wassertrüdingen. The mountain&#39;s first recorded name was Öselberg, which probably derived from öder Berg . This name later changed to Eselsberg and finally to the current name Hesselberg. As a butte the mountain provides an insight into Jurassic geology. It has also witnessed an eventful history, many incidents were handed down from generation to generation and these mixed with facts have become legends. Nowadays many people visit Hesselberg in order to enjoy nature and the wonderful vista. When the weather is clear the Alps 150 km away can be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Shape, location, and dimension</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has a length of approximately 6 km and an average width of 1 to 2 km. All of its slopes except for those on the southern side are covered with coniferous or mixed forest. On the upper slopes, and especially on the eastern slope of the Röckinger mountain, there are large areas of deciduous forest. The upper part of the prominent southern side is free of forest. On the southern and north-eastern slopes there are large areas of neglected grassland with their typical juniper bushes. Hesselberg can be divided into 5 sections along its center-line (see panorama image).</p><br>
<p>On the western slope there is mainly coniferous forest. This is the starting point for the geological nature trail.</p><br>
<p>The western plateau, also called Gerolfinger mountain, has an especially unspoilt appearance with its sinkhole-like depressions, hedges and shrubs. The depressions were, however, not formed naturally, they are the result of mining of material for road construction and lime burning.</p><br>
<p>Since 1994 the central part, known as Ehinger mountain, with the main peak and the transmitter tower has been accessible again; previously there was a restricted military area of the United States Army here.</p><br>
<p>The woodless eastern plateau, which is called Osterwiese or Röckinger mountain is the most important area for tourism. This section serves as a launching zone for model planes and hang-gliders and as an observation platform. On especially clear days one can see the Zugspitze in the Alps can be seen.</p><br>
<p>The highly afforested eastern foothill, known for its legends, has the name Schlössleinsbuck. This small hill top is also called Small Hesselberg. The Röckinger mountain and the Schlössleinsbuck are separated by the Druid&#39;s valley.</p><br>
<h2>Origin and geological structure</h2><br>
<p>Hesselberg is amongst the most important geotopes in Bavaria. On September 24, 2005 it was awarded the cachet Bayerns schönste Geotope (Bavarian&#39;s most beautiful geotopes) by Georg Schlapp (director of the Bavarian Environmental Protection Office) in the course of a ceremony.</p><br>
<h3>Jurassic origin</h3><br>
<p>200 million years ago the Jurassic sea extended from the North Sea basin far to the South and covered the late Triassic land. At that time the Hesselberg region was on the border of that sea. Many affluxes brought huge masses of rubble from the eastern mainland and formed a multilayer seafloor, which had a rich flora and fauna. During more than 40 million years the different layers of Jurassic rock consecutively deposited: the Black Jurassic at the bottom, the Brown Jurassic above, and the White Jurassic at the top. Each of these layers is characterised by the typical rock and embedded fossils that are specific for each era. Because certain fossils are solely found in certain layers, they are referred to as index fossils. In Jurassic rock ammonites are the index fossils. In the course of time the Jurassic sea silted up completely. Because during the Early Jurassic Hesselberg was located in a sheltered basin it was not as eroded by wind and water as the plain between the mountain and the Hahnenkamm. The hard rock resisted erosion and left Hesselberg as a distinctive Zeugenberg rising above the landscape like an island. This kind of mountain-formation is known as inverted relief.</p><br>
<h3>Rock layers of the mountain</h3><br>
<p>There is a geological nature trail on the mountain with signs that describe its origin. Each of the three main parts of the Jurassic era is divided into six sub-divisions, which are numbered with Greek letters alpha to zeta (Quenstedt&#39;s classification). The rocks that are found in the different layers are assigned to this classification.</p><br>
<h4>Early Jurassic (Lias) layers</h4><br>
<p>The Black Jurassic is so called due to the dark colours of clay and marl characteristic of this era. This layer is approximately 50 m thick and forms the fertile hilly area around the mountain. Its lowest sub-layers (Lias alpha to gamma) are beneath the surface. The Amaltheenton (Lias delta)at 35 m is the thickest sub-layer of the Lias. A special feature is the Posidonia schist (Lias epsilon), which is 10 m thick. In this sub-layer fossils from larger animals are also found such as ichthyosaurs. The cavity of the Posidonia schist, which is at the starting point of the nature trail, is a unique natural geological monument where it is prohibited to search for and to collect fossils. Above these well visible schist layers lies the Jurassic marl (Lias zeta), which is 2.7 m thick.</p><br>
<h4>Middle Jurassic (Dogger) layers</h4><br>
<p>The dark brown colours of the weathered upper layers give the name to the Brown (or Middle) Jurassic. The colours are a result of highly concentrated iron. The layer of the Dogger which is 135 m thick forms the main part of Hesselbergs slopes. The lowest sub-layer (Dogger alpha) is formed of 75 m thick Opalinus-clay. The soil of these layers is very susceptible to landslides which has resulted in the unevenness of the meadows. On top of the Opalinus-clay lies a layer of iron sandstone (Dogger beta), which is 40 m thick. This layer is very distinctive due to its steep rise. Because the Opalinus-clay layer is impervious to water, a spring horizon has formed at the transition to the iron sandstone. The layers of Dogger gamma (Sowerbyi layers) (1 m), Dogger delta (Ostreen-lime) (4 m), and Dogger epsilon (Oolith-lime) (2 m) are summarised under the term "ooliths". These layers contain many fossils. On the very top of the Middle Jurassic layers is the Ornates clay layer (Dogger zeta), which is only 2 m thick. This small layer forms a terrace around the Hesselberg. On its southern side the buildings of the folk high school were constructed.</p><br>
<h4>Late Jurassic (Malm) layers</h4><br>
<p>The topmost Jurassic layer is called the White Jurassic due to its light colour. These layers can be up to 400 m thick in the Franconian Jura, but at Hesselberg they are mostly ablated; only 85 m is left. The rocks of the Malm are partly sediments and partly formed from reefs of ancient sea sponges. This rock is widely distributed on the main peak. The light-coloured lime of the White Jurassic was a popular building material for houses (burnt lime) and for road construction (rubble). The depressions on the western plateau are caused by these excavations. The lowest layers form the Impressa-layers (low Malm alpha), which are approximately 25 m thick, and the Bimammatum-lime (high Malm alpha). The old name of the Planula-lime (Malm beta) is factory lime, which indicates the use as building material. This layer, which is 15 m thick and interspersed with sponge reefs, forms the plateau of the Osterwiese. The small quarry below the main peak consists of Planula-lime in its lower part, and the Ataxiocerate&#39;s layer (Malm gamma) in its upper, which builds up the main peak and is 20 m thick. The top layer of Malm gamma and the layers of Malm delta to Malm zeta have already been eroded away on Hesselberg.</p><br>
<h2>History of colonisation and important incidents in the Hesselberg region</h2><br>
<p>There are illustrated charts in some of the parking lots of the region which provide an insight into the area&#39;s settlement history.</p><br>
<h3>Pre- and early history</h3><br>
<p>Hesselberg was used as a shelter and dwelling in prehistoric times. Archaeological artefacts from the Stone Age (approx. 10,000–2000 BC) have been found mainly on the Osterwiese. In the Bronze Age (approx. 2000–1300 BC) it was constantly settled. In the Urnfield time (approx. 1200–750 BC) the colony at the plateaus was surrounded with curtain walls, and moats. Even today the 5 km long remains of the border walls around the Osterwiese, the Ehinger mountain, and the Gerolfinger mountain provide an idea of the importance of these fortifications. Behind this sheltering stonework an important political, economic, and religious center evolved. For a long time these constructions were thought to be of celtic origin, but only one artefact (the weapons of a warrior) from the La Tène period (500–15 BC) indicates any Celtic involvement. In the restless Migration Period and during the Middle Ages the walls of Hesselberg were used as a shelter and for defensive purposes. The city museum of Oettingen and the museum for pre- and early history in Gunzenhausen contains many exhibits such as tools and weapons.</p><br>
<h3>Romans</h3><br>
<p>Under the rules of emperors Domitian (81–96 AD) and Hadrian (117–138 AD) the Romans pushed the border of their province Raetia farther to the North. They expanded the wall of Limes in order to protect against the Germanic peoples and equipped it with many watchtowers, and in the immediate vicinity of Hesselberg large Castella were built. Under the rule of emperor Caracalla (around 213 AD) the last and widest extension of the Limes took place. To the west of the mountain the wall crossed the rivers Wörnitz and Sulzach in a north-south direction. A few kilometres to the north of Wittelshofen it turned eastward. Due to this sharp bend the strategically important Hesselberg was included within the Roman Empire. There were Castella at Aufkirchen, Ruffenhofen, Dambach, and Unterschwaningen. Castellum Ruffenhofen was the largest in the Hesselberg area. No Roman buildings have been found by archaeologists on the mountain itself. The remains of the Limes now form stone ridges hidden in the woods. Nowadays most of the civil and military wall remains are hidden beneath the ground of local meadows and fields. On top of Castellum Ruffenhofen a Roman park is built. In the local museum of Weitlingen there are a few Roman exhibits.</p><br>
<h3>Alamanni and Franks</h3><br>
<p>Around 260 AD Alamannic and Germanic groups entered the region and destroyed the fortifications of the Limes, the Castelli, and many settlements. The Romans had to shift their borders back to the Danube. The Alamanni founded their first granges and farmed the land as arable and livestock farmers. As well as the local town names that end with "-ingen" the strip cultivation indicates Alamannic foundation. The villages Röckingen, Ehingen, Gerolfingen, Weiltingen, and Irsingen have their origins in that period. At the end of the 5th century the Franks emerged from the lower Main valley and initiated the second wave of colonisation. From 496 to 506 and under the rule of Merovingian king Clovis I they defeated the Swabian Alamanni, who lost their northern territories that had formerly reached into the Neuwieder basin, and they were pushed back behind the Oos-Hornisgrinde-Asperg-Hesselberg line. Today this line closely matches the boundary of the Franconian and the Swabian/Alamannic dialects. Despite the fact that the Franks overrode the Alamanni in a partly violent fashion, mixed settlements, such as Ehingen and Röckingen, almost always with a Franconian mayor, developed in the Hesselberg region. The Franks founded the villages of Lentersheim, Obermögersheim, Geilsheim, Frankenhofen, and Königshofen amongst others. The Franconian peasants established the three field crop rotation with its Flurzwang (a German system of rules relating to communal farmland in the Middle Ages), which was practiced until the modern consolidation of farming. In the 7th century—under the rule of Merovingian king Dagobert I—Christianisation started in Augsburg. In the 8th century Anglo-Saxon missionaries founded the monastery of Heidenheim under Franconian Carolingian rule.</p><br>
<h3>Middle Ages</h3><br>
<p>In the early Middle Ages the Hesselberg region was part of the kings forests. Sparse castle ruins are found on Ehinger mountain and on Schlössleinsbuck. The construction on Ehinger mountain has its seeds in the Carolingian-Ottonian period (8th–9th centuries). Tombs discovered there point towards a violent end caused by Hungarian soldiers at the end of the 10th century when the Hungarians burnt down the whole castle. The building on Schlössleinsbuck was originally intended for use as a refuge, in the 11th or 12th century it was expanded by the lords of Lentersheim and adapted as a well-fortified knights castle. The castles destruction is related in the family tree of the lords of Lentersheim: When Conrad of Lentersheim returned from the northern Italian campaigns of king Frederick II. in 1246, his castle was completely destroyed. Thereupon he began building a new castle in Neuenmuhr. In fact, soldiers from the Hesselberg region accompanied the mentioned Hohenstaufen king Frederick II to Italy in 1239 in order to fight against pope Gregory IX. Until they died off at the beginning 19th century, the lords of Lentersheim lived at their castles in Alten- and Neuenmuhr, todays Muhr am See. After this direct colonisation of Hesselberg ended.</p><br>
<p>Aufkirchen, which was fortified during medieval times, had a city wall and four city gates. At that time Aufkirchen had town privileges.</p><br>
<h3>Age of burgraves and margraves</h3><br>
<p>The age of burgraves in Middle Franconia had its origin in the High Middle Ages when king Henry VI feoffed Frederick III, who originated from Swabia, with the heritable fiefdom of the Nuremberg burgrave office in 1192. Frederick III founded the Frankish line of the House of Hohenzollern under the name "Burgrave Frederick I of Nuremberg". Due to clever marriages and trade-offs the Frankish Zollern gained increasing wealth and influence.</p><br>
<p>In 1331 the burgraves moved to Ansbach. In 1363 they were elevated to sovereigns and in 1417 they were feoffed with the margrave of Brandenburg. Expensive holding of court and persistent conflicts with the imperial city Nuremberg lead to a high level of debt of the young principality and consequently they imposed an unbearable burden of taxes upon their subjects. As a consequence, on 6 May 1525 the German Peasants War also broke out in southern Franconia. On this day rebellious peasants gathered on Hesselbergs peak, thence they went to Wassertrüdingen and captured the margrave vogt. Afterwards they plundered the monastery of Auhausen. On their way to Heidenheim the peasants were captured or killed by margrave soldiers from Gunzenhausen.</p><br>
<p>During the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) large areas of todays Middle Franconia were devastated and depopulated. It was not until the end of the 17th century that the economic and financial situation of the margraves improved. The margraves allowed Austrian and French religious refugees to become nationals and supported Jewish merchants in building up an existence, therefore a large number of Jews settled down in villages around Hesselberg. In addition the margraves ran mercantilistic politics and expanded agricultural education. The last margrave Alexander handed over the principality, now free from debt, to the Prussians in 1791.</p><br>
<h3>19th and 20th century</h3><br>
<p>An important date in the mountains history was June 10, 1803, when the Prussian king Frederick Wilhelm III climbed Hesselberg during his visit to his Frankish estates. In memory of this event the king endowed the Hesselberg Mass. In 1806 the Hesselberg region was handed over to Bavaria in the course of an exchange of lands between Bavaria and Prussia: Bavaria received the Prussian principality Ansbach including Hesselberg and in return Prussia obtained the Wittelsbachs earldom of Berg (capital city Düsseldorf), located at the Niederrhein (Bavarian-Prussian Contract of Paris, February 15, 1806). In 1808 the first local code provided the basis for municipal autonomy, which was expanded by the second Bavarian municipal edict in 1818. Following this many small villages became self-administrating and received the status of a municipality—by the means of law as juristic persons.</p><br>
<p>Prior to World War II Jewish life and culture played an important role in the whole Hesselberg region. Jewish settlers had already been mentioned in writs in the 14th century and many Jews achieved eminence as merchants and scholars. The National Socialists were active in the villages around Hesselberg, they destroyed synagogues and expelled or displaced Jews to internment camps. The notorious anti-semitic publisher Julius Streicher, as the head of the Frankish Nazi district, established Hesselberg as a meeting place of the Nazis. After the NSDAP came to power in 1933 the annual Frankish Days (held until 1939) developed from party manifestations. Those were the largest manifestations in Franconia besides the Nuremberg rally. Hermann Göring attended the Frankish Days twice as a speaker and Adolf Hitler also once attended. Up to 100,000 visitors on the Osterwiese listened to the virulently anti-Semitic speeches of Julius Streicher. At that time Hesselberg was named Heiliger Berg der Franken (Holy Mountain of the Franks). No remains of this dark time are left on Hesselberg. The lofty Nazi plans were never put into practice—the construction of the Adolf-Hitler-School was not realised, nor the Julius-Streicher-Mausoleum. Prior to World War II the Nazis could only finish an administration building with a garage. Later this garage was used as a chapel by the refugees that were placed on Hesselberg.</p><br>
<p>Since 1951 Hesselberg has been important to the local Lutherans. In this year the Lutheran adult education center was founded and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria Congress took place for the first time. Since then thousands of Christians have gathered on Whit Monday to celebrate this ceremony of faith. Between 1945 and 1992 the area around the main peak served as a radar station for the USA Army. In 1972 the Landkreis (district) of Dinkelsbühl and the Hesselberg municipalities was closed in the course of the district reform and incorporated into the Landkreis Ansbach. In the course of latter reforms many small autonomous municipalities merged into the municipalities of today.</p><br>
<h2>Hesselberg region today</h2><br>
<h3>Facilities and events</h3><br>
<p>The most important annual event is the Bavarian Protestant Church Congress. This well known beyond the region and each year on Whit Monday it attracts thousands of Protestants. In a tradition dating from 1803 the Hesselberg Mass has been held on the Osterwiese on the first Sunday in July; it was on this day that king Frederick William III of Prussia and his wife Luise visited the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Protestant-Lutheran Adult Education Center Hesselberg was founded on May 14, 1951; it was the first Bavarian adult education center. Its main task is adult education for the rural deaconry (family nursing, village assistant, business assistant). On September 15, 2005 it was renamed to Protestant Education Center Hesselberg (EBZ Hesselberg - Evangelisches Bildungszentrum Hesselberg). According to Reverend Bernd Reuther, chairman of the new education center, its mission is the expansion of the range of education available with emphasis on "Faith, Rural Space, and Development of Personality" furthermore guest groups should be addressed with their own education programme.</p><br>
<p>The Protestant-Lutheran deaconry Ansbach has made a popular youth center out of the old Hesselberg house near the peak.</p><br>
<p>The afar visible television tower with its 119 m is a terrestrial transmitter of the ZDF and of the Bayerisches Fernsehen (Bavarian television) for the Franconian region. This tower, which is located at 49° 4 12" N and 10° 31 37" E, has an unusual construction: It is a so-called "hybrid tower" and consists of a free-standing steel skeleton framing base and a wired transmission tower on top. It also broadcasts the UKW radio programme Radio 8.</p><br>
<p>In addition radio amateurs maintain a small relay station on the mountain for voice radio, packet radio, and amateur television. The energy for this station is supplied by solar cells and wind power.</p><br>
<h3>The four municipalities around the mountain</h3><br>
<p>The borders of four municipalities cross at the mountain. It is noteworthy that the main villages of these municipalities are located at the mountains foot, whereas the other municipal parts form a starlike pattern around these centers. In the north is Ehingen with about 2,100 inhabitants and an area of 47 square kilometres. A trail leads from here through meadows with fruit trees then the afforested northern slope towards the peak. The signs on this trail contain information about beekeeping. In the east is the small municipality Röckingen with about 800 inhabitants and an area of 10.91 km. The predominantly sunny trail towards the Osterwiese leads through a picturesque, shady linden avenue in its final part. On the southern slope lies Gerolfingen with about 1,100 inhabitants and an area of 13 km with a road to the parking lots on Hesselberg. A trail leads from Gerolfingen through meadows with fruit trees and a beautiful chestnut avenue, whose older part was complemented with new plantations in autumn 2004. The village of Aukirchen with its historical town-hall and St. Johns Church, which is visible from afar, belongs to Gerolfingen. In the west is Wittelshofen with about 1,300 inhabitants and an area of 24.22 km, at the confluence of Wörnitz and Sulzach rivers. The town is the starting point of the geological nature trail.</p><br>
<p>Together with the municipality of Unterschwaningen these four municipalities form the administrative collective of Hesselberg.</p><br>
<h3>Recreational region</h3><br>
<p>The Hesselberg municipalities of Ehingen, Gerolfingen, Röckingen, and Wittelshofen joined with the municipalities of Dürrwangen, Langfurth, Mönchsroth, Unterschwaningen, Wassertrüdingen, Weiltingen, and Wilburgstetten on January 31, 1973 to form the Fremdenverkehrsverband Hesselberg e. V. (Tourist Association Hesselberg e. V.). Dürrwangen has since left the association. On the occasion of its 30th anniversary the Fremdenverkehrsverband Hesselberg e. V changed its name to Touristikverband Hesselberg e. V. Its headquarters is in Wassertrüdingen. The term Hesselberg recreational region refers to the combined area of these member municipalities. The German Limes road leads through this region from the West to the East. The Entwicklungsgesellschaft Region Hesselberg mbH (Development Incorporation of Hesselberg Region) was founded on October 5, 1999. This is a federation of municipalities that extends far beyond the borders of the Hesselberg region. The tasks and spheres of influences of this incorporation are very broad and contain amongst others the economy, culture, and tourism. The main office resides at castle Unterschwaningen.</p><br>
<p>The huge number of meadows containing fruit trees has led to the formation of the Interessengemeinschaft Moststraße (Community of Interest Must-Road) by several communes. The Must-Road around Hesselberg is planned for the near future, both to better market the fruit products and as a new tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>In and around the Hesselberg area there are many trails. The two main trails have many signs containing information for the hiker. The geological nature trail, which is 3 km long, leads from its starting point near Wittelshofen to the mountains peak. The signs along the route tell of the geological history and structure of the mountain. The Hesselberg-trail forms a round-trip of Hesselbergs heights. Both trails are well combinable. The Osterwiese is meeting point for model plane pilots, the launch areas for hang-gliders and paragliders can be found there too. The regional gliding airfield is in nearby Irsingen. Sporting clays was prohibited by the Nature Conservation Agency due to lead exposure. The Hesselberg Tourist Office, the Bund Naturschutz in Bayern (Bavarian Nature Conservation Alliance) (Ansbach district group), and the Landesbund für Vogelschutz in Bayern (Bavarian State Bird Conservation Alliance) (Ansbach district group) organise guided excursions and walking tours. At the mountain&#39;s foot anglers can indulge their passion at the Wörnitz and Sulzach rivers. The German Alpine Association (Hesselberg section with an office in Bechhofen) have built a small hut on the northern slope in order to support winter sports.</p><br>
<p>Tourist destinations include:</p><br>
<p>the old cities of Nördlingen, Dinkelsbühl, Feuchtwangen, Rothenburg, Ansbach, and Gunzenhausen</p><br>
<p>the Franconian lakeland</p><br>
<p>the Hahnenkamm</p><br>
<p>Altmühltal nature park</p><br>
<p>Ruffenhofen Latin park</p><br>
<h3>Landscape conservation</h3><br>
<p>Sheep grazing of the herding areas is necessary for the conservation of the semidry and dry meadows. However, encroachment of scrub such as blackthorne, rose, juniper, and ash has greatly increased at many places on the mountain despite the presence of herds belonging to two sheep farms (northern side: approx. 600 ewes, southern side: approx. 1000 ewes). Without additional mechanical maintenance the open space on the mountain will not remain open in the long term. Since 1997 the municipality of Ehingen has struck out in new directions to deal with the conservation of these vast herding areas on Hesselberg&#39;s northern slopes. Annual civil campaigns of important "descrubbing" and maintenance tasks are performed as a collaboration between the Landschaftspflegeverband Mittelfranken (Middle Franconian Landscape Conservation Association) and the shepherd Hans Goth. Under the banner phrase "One day for the mountain" many teenagers, seniors citizens, farmers, and non-farmers make a pilgrimage to the mountain on a particular day each autumn and work together. The work gets done in just four hours of working time, interrupted by a short snack and finished with lunch. On average there are 40 people voluntarily working in Ehingen. This active support of sheep farming by the citizens ("descrubbing" significantly improves the pasture conditions) has multiple functions:</p><br>
<p>Novel working methods in the fields of landscape and nature conservation</p><br>
<p>Active support of Goth sheep farm by the community (board cost, use of the municipal tractors, etc.) and by the citizens encourages neighbourliness and reduces prejudices.</p><br>
<p>Exemplary activity for the conservation of flora and fauna (active landscape and nature conservation) within the nearby cultural landscape (reinforcement of the identification with the homeland)</p><br>
<p>Social-communicative aspects: The participants are farmers and non-farmers. With their participation awareness of the problems of land use is raised also within unrelated to agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Shared work, snacks and lunch bring together the participants.</p><br>
<p>Participants of different age groups (from 16 to 70) are brought together and prejudices are reduced ("Todays youth isnt interested in anything").</p><br>
<p>Due to its volunteers the municipality is independent from state interventions.</p><br>
<p>Since 2001 the Hesselberg municipalities of Röckingen and Gerolfingen have followed this positive and successful example. They also hold activity days under the flag of "One day for the mountain".</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Due to its multilayered rock, soil, climate, and cultivation, Hesselberg has bred a variety of vegetation with some plant communities particular to the area.</p><br>
<h3>Vegetation of the neglected grassland</h3><br>
<p>An important task of the landscape maintenance is the conservation of the dry and non-forested neglected meadows and dry meadowy slopes. Botanists have named this type of vegetation Magerrasen (neglected grassland). The ground there is covered with thin dry grass and a typical feature are the irregularly spaced juniper bushes. Well over 40 different species of flowering plants grow on this nutrient-poor, non-fertilised soil. Often different small species of gentian can be found. In late summer pasqueflower and Carline thistle bloom. From April until June orange tips fly over the sunny slopes. One of the most important tasks for conservation of the neglected grassland is traditional herding. Grazing with sheep is a prerequisite for the long-lasting conservation of this grassland. If the amount of herding was reduced, initially more thorny and needle-bearing shrubs would grow because these are eschewed by sheep - the large number of juniper bushes thrive for the same reason. Under cover of these thornbushes and hedges other groves and the first trees would develop. In the final stage the mountain would become mostly overgrown with forest. The herbs and grasses of the neglected grassland have a positive influence on the quality of the sheep&#39;s meat. Due to this fact the restaurants of the Hesselberg region increasingly offer dishes of Hesselberg lamb.</p><br>
<h3>Meadows, hedges, and wells</h3><br>
<p>In many ways the fruitful meadows and fields of the Early Jurassic soil in Hesselberg&#39;s vicinity are the opposite of the nutrient-poor neglected grassland. This region has been traditionally used for agriculture. In its fields wheat, rye, oat, beetroot, and corn are cultivated. On the farms pigs and cattle are raised and dairy farming is performed.</p><br>
<p>In the lower and middle parts of the slopes old and non-fertilised meadows with fruit trees offer a blaze of colour of different flowers. With their high trunks the fruit groves provide the optimal habitat for a diversity of small animals, birds, and plants. The wryneck is one of the typical inhabitants of these meadows, because they avoid bleak areas and dense forests. Just as important for the small animals, birds, and plants are the various hedges and shrubs, which can be found everywhere on and around Hesselberg. In our farmed landscape hedges have the largest variety of microhabitats. In addition to the groves there is a herb layer—rich in species—a sunny herb fringe, coarse woody debris, and possibly special biotopes, such as the piles of stones. Because of the transition from water-permeable to impermeable rock layers several spring horizons have emerged, explaining the richness of the springs. On Hesselberg there are several deep wells, but most springs appear in the form of flat swamps. The special flora and fauna of the wells is not immediately obvious, because most of the organisms are microscopic. Sundew is a very rare plant found in these wetlands.</p><br>
<h3>Biodiversity of the forest</h3><br>
<p>On Hesselberg all forms (high forest, coppice-with-standards, coppice) and types (temperate coniferous forest, mixed forest, deciduous forest) of forests can be found. The coppice in the upper regions of the northern slope has the strangest appearance. After coppicing more light reaches the ground and thermophile animals such as the sand lizard thrive. Later, when the canopy closes again, many other specialised animals such as the Eurasian woodcock find a suitable habitat. All game that is typical of German forests (for example hare, roe, red fox, and squirrel) are present in Hesselbergs woods. The drumming of woodpeckers and the crying of cuckoos contribute to the mood of the wood as well as the singing of countless birds. Various Ranunculaceae—such as liverworts and wood anemones—are the signs of spring in Hesselbergs forests. In May ramsons turn the ground of the deciduous forest into a carpet of green and white blooms. After blooming the intense odour of garlic fills the air. The various species of orchids such as the red helleborine have become increasingly rare. The Turks-cap lily, which belongs to the lily family, can still be found relatively often but flowers diversity is in need of protection. The erica and the Cytisus scoparius prefer the iron sandstone layers of the lower parts of the slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Appendix: sagas and legends</h2><br>
<p>It is unsurprising that such a peculiar mountain with its associated history is shrouded in legends and sagas, many of these contain recognisable parallels to the real history of the area. In heavy thunder storms people recognised the remaining walls of the ruins as eerie figures and specters, which they associated with the former inhabitants of the castles. Later the castle remains were carried away and used as construction material elsewhere strengthening the image of castles sunk into the mountain. Three examples from the numerous legends of Hesselberg are provided:</p><br>
<h3>The legend of the Devil's Hole</h3><br>
<p>A long time ago some young lads herded sheep on Hesselberg. At that time there was a deep cave on the mountain, which is buried today. Bursting with curiosity they wanted to know what was inside. One of them was lowered by rope down into the deep hole. Beforehand the boys had decided to pull him up immediately when he gave a tug on the rope. Soon after the boy went into the cave, a three-legged rabbit hobbled across the way, the other lads followed it spontaneously in order to catch it, but the farther they chased the faster the rabbit ran. Finally they gave up. When they returned to the cave they remembered their fellow in the hole and they immediately pulled the rope up. It was stained with blood and at its end there hung a goat&#39;s hoof, but the boy was gone forever.</p><br>
<h3>The mountain's specter</h3><br>
<p>Legend has it that a long time ago a big fortress stood upon Hesselberg. In that castle there lived a lord and his only daughter. The girl kept the house and had the keys for all the rooms. At that time the Huns invaded the Hesselberg region, they burnt down the castle and the girl died within the ruins. Legend has it that she still haunts the mountain carrying her bunch of keys on her belt. She is seen mostly in Saturday night after the four Ember days.</p><br>
<h3>The unsaved virgins of Schlößleinsbruck</h3><br>
<p>Locals tell the story of the specters of three cursed virgins that live on the Schlößleinsbuck. Two of them are dressed completely in white, but the third one wears a black skirt. The three virgins appeared to a farm laborer, who tilled a field near the mountain. They begged him to follow them into the mountain to release them and that because he is of pure heart, he need not fear the evil forces of darkness. They told him that on the way into the mountain they would first meet six men who have beards to the floor and sit around a table. In the second room there would be sat a black dog with fervid eyes, holding a key in its mouth. The farm laborer should take this key, even if the dog is spitting fire. With this key would then be able to get into a chamber containing a great treasure, which would then belong to him. But the farm laborer became very scared and left the virgins unsaved. It is further told that the virgins still speak to brave men, who should follow them into the mountain in order to save them.</p><br>
<p>Port Navas Creek , or Porthnavas Creek, is one of seven creeks off the Helford River in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It splits into three heads with the village of Porth Navas on the west one, Trenarth Bridge on the middle and the east one is near Budock Veane.</p><br>
<p>Most of the creek is located in Ordnance Survey grid SW75x27x.</p><br>
<p>The main section is just over 1 km in length, with the bit to Porth Navas coming off about halfway along.</p><br>
<p>The creek is well known for the oyster beds.</p><br>
<p>The Helford River Children&#39;s Sailing Trust is based on the creek.</p><br>
<p>A focal point of Port Navas is Port Navas Quay - a grade II listed site which has been degraded. A campaign group has been set up to protect and preserve the Quay and to reverse environmental damage in the wider Helford River area.</p><br>
<p>Port Navas Creek lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.</p><br>
<p>University High School was a public high school serving the northwestern portion of Oakland, California. It originally opened in 1923 at what was 5714 Grove Street. Due to the proximity of the campus to the City of Berkeley, "UNI" gained the reputation of the "feeder" high school of Oakland of students directly to the University of California. The high school was closed following World War II in 1948.</p><br>
<p>In 1954, the campus was converted into first location of Oakland City College, which later became Merritt College. Merritt College moved to its new campus in 1967. In the early 1970s the location temporarily became a high school again, as Oakland Technical High School moved its students into the campus while its normal location was retrofitted for earthquake safety. At the time, many called this site "Old Tech," although Oakland Tech was actually opened at its current location in 1914, before University High School.</p><br>
<p>After the "Tech" students moved back to their original campus, the building remained vacant for several years. At one point, it was used as the filming location for the 1987 film The Principal.</p><br>
<p>The location has been rehabilitated and is now shared between the Children&#39;s Hospital Oakland Research Institute and the North Oakland Senior Center. Grove Street was subsequently renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Way. This site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Among its notable alumni is 1936 Olympic 400 meters Gold Medalist Archie Williams and his classmate, tennis great Don Budge.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter’s Island . It was formed in the last Ice Age , when the Rhône Glacier reached as far as the Jura mountains. It is a promontory of the Jolimont, above Cerlier. Politically the island is split between the municipalities of Erlach and Twann-Tüscherz, the largest part belonging to the latter municipality.</p><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century following the engineering works of the Jura water correction, the water-level of the three lakes of the Seeland have dropped enough to clear the until-then hidden isthmus, linking Cerlier to St. Peter’s Island, which has ever since become a peninsula, although separated from the shore by a canal.</p><br>
<p>Monks of the Cluniac order were the first inhabitants of the island, and built a monastery here in 1127.</p><br>
<p>Before his expulsion, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, spent two months on the island in 1765 calling it the "happiest time of his life".</p><br>
<p>Longwood, also known as Nutt&#39;s Folly, is an historic antebellum octagonal mansion located at 140 Lower Woodville Road in Natchez, Mississippi, United States. The mansion is on the USA National Register of Historic Places, and is a National Historic Landmark. Longwood is the largest octagonal house in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The mansion is known for its octagonal plan, byzantine onion-shaped dome, and the contrast between its ornately finished first floor and the unfinished upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Sloan, a Philadelphia architect, designed the home in 1859 for cotton planter Dr. Haller Nutt. Work was halted in 1861 at the start of the American Civil War. Dr. Nutt died of pneumonia in 1864, leaving the work incomplete. Of the thirty-two rooms planned for the house, only nine rooms on the basement floor were completed.</p><br>
<p>Haller Nutts never-finished Natchez home, Longwood, was the last burst of southern opulence before war brought the cotton barons dominance to an end. Longwood survived decades of neglect and near-abandonment to become one of Natchez&#39; most popular attractions.</p><br>
<p>Longwood is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the Pilgrimage Garden Club; it is also available for rent.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Longwood was featured in the southern United States segment of Guide to Historic Homes of America, an in-depth production by Bob Vila for the A&E Network.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, Longwood was used in the HBO series True Blood, for the external shots of the fictional Jackson, Mississippi, mansion of Russell Edgington, the Vampire King of Mississippi and Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Stone Chapel is a historic chapel located on the southwest edge of the Drury University campus, at the corner of Central and Benton Avenue at Springfield, Greene County, Missouri. It was built in 1880 and is the oldest stone structure in Springfield. The chapel is the location for a number of religious activities for Drury University, such as the LOGOS Christian Fellowship, Catholic Campus Ministries, and Chow and Chapel events, weddings, graduation Baccalaureate and other various secular activities.</p><br>
<p>The distinctive second floor sanctuary seats around 510 people. A large lounge, kitchenette, choir and meeting facilities occupy the first floor. The recently restored Lyon-Healy pipe organ dates from 1906. The three-manual, 30-rank instrument is utilized by a large class of organ students, for weekend weddings, for the popular Christmas Vespers, and for recitals and other special events in the Chapel. The organ is well known for its rich sound, enhanced by the chapel&#39;s mellow acoustics.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Boysen Reservoir is a reservoir formed by Boysen Dam, an earth-fill dam on the Wind River in the central part of the USA state of Wyoming. It is near the town of Shoshoni in Fremont County. The dam was constructed between 1947 and 1952 at the mouth of Wind River Canyon, just upstream from a previous dam that had been built by Asmus Boysen in 1908 on land he had leased from the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes. The dam and much of the reservoir are physically located on the Wind River Indian Reservation.</p><br>
<h2>Boysen Dam Railroad Tunnel</h2><br>
<p>As a result of construction of the dam a major railroad track that connected Billings, Montana with Casper, Wyoming was flooded. A new track was laid, starting near the new dam where a 1 mile tunnel carried the tracks under the dam and around the edges of the reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Boysen State Park</h2><br>
<p>Surrounding the reservoir is Boysen State Park, run by the state of Wyoming. It includes 11 campgrounds spread around the reservoir and nearby area. The reservoir is a popular sporting area with numerous species of fish including walleye, perch, crappie, channel catfish, as well as rainbow and brown trout and several other species. Boysen Marina sits near the shore on the northeast side of the reservoir and has a bait shop and cafe and offers boat and jet ski rentals.</p><br>
<p>The Black Rock Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in the Black Rock section of Bridgeport, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At that time it included 109 contributing buildings. The historic district surrounds at the upper reaches of Black Rock Harbor.</p><br>
<p>Black Rock was settled in 1644, and developed as a major shipping and trading center in the 1760s after a bridge over Ash Creek created a direct road connection to Fairfield Center. It was the third largest port in Connecticut at the time of the American Revolutionary War, and became the official Port of Entry for Fairfield County in 1790. The village was originally part of Fairfield before being annexed to Bridgeport in 1870. By that time the port had declined in importance. In subsequent years the once-rural village was gradually incorporated into the citys urban fabric. That portion of the district to the south of Bartram Avenue (88 buildings) is also a City of Bridgeport Local Historic District, where changes to a buildings exterior that are visible from a public right-of-way must receive a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Historic District Commission.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Thomas Wheeler Sr. House (1644–80), considered the fourth-oldest house in Connecticut, at 266 Brewster Street. Other important structures include the Gershom Sturges/Benjamin Penfield House (1803-1836) at 105 Beacon Street, an example of the Greek Revival style; the Wolcott Chauncey House at 150 Seabright Avenue (1769), an example of a Colonial "Cape" house and birthplace of Commodore Isaac Chauncey; the Captain William Hall House at 87 Ellsworth Street (1856), a Gothic-Italianate villa in the "Hudson River Bracketed" mode and home to a major shipyard owner; and the Gould Brothers House at 119-21 Seabright Avenue (1868), a double-house built in the French Second Empire style for two building contractors.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Farm is a historic property and nature reserve located in Ipswich, Massachusetts, which is owned by The Trustees of Reservations. It features the Paine-Dodge  House, a First Period farmhouse constructed in 1694.</p><br>
<h2>History of Greenwood Farm Reservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1640, Robert Paine arrived in America and received a grant of land along the salt marshes at Jeffrey&#39;s Neck, near Ipswich, MA.</p><br>
<p>In 1642, Richard Smith arrived in America and obtained farm land adjacent to that of Robert Paine. In 1694, Robert Paine had a salt-box style house constructed on his property, not far from the Ipswich River. In 1702, Daniel Smith, grandson of Richard Smith, and son of Richard Smith II married his neighbor, Elizabeth Paine, granddaughter of Robert Paine, and daughter of Robert Paine II. Partly as a dower, and partly in consideration of Daniels promise to provide lifelong care for Robert Paine IIs infirm son (John Paine), Robert deeded the salt-box house and much of the Paine farmland to Daniel Smith, effective in 1703. Ownership of the Paine house thereby passed to the Smith family, and the deeded land expanded the land the Smiths already owned. Elizabeth Paine died in 1717. In 1722 Daniel Smith married Deborah Willcomb. The Smith land and the land and house that had once belonged to the Paines remained in the possession of the Smith/Willcomb descendants for five generations.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Farm Reservation is named for Thomas Smith Greenwood, born in 1807 to Ruth Smith and Thomas Greenwood. Ruth Smith died from complications of childbirth, and Thomas Smith Greenwood was left in the care of Smith relatives. As a youth, Thomas Smith Greenwood went to sea, but when he was a young adult he returned to live at the farm (which at that time was known as Hickory Farm or Hickory Grove Farm). Thomas married Paulina Adams Thurlow, and raised their family of seven children in a large house built circa 1828, not far from the 1694 house built by Robert Paine. Greenwood acquired ownership of additional parcels of land, including the area known as Diamond Stage, expanding the farm to well over 300 acre, but did not inherit legal ownership of the basic farm lands and buildings until 1870, when his uncle Daniel Smith died.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Smith Greenwood was commissioned to be the first keeper of the lighthouses constructed near Greenwood Farm at Lakeman Beach (now known as Crane Beach). When the ship Deposit went aground on Lakeman ledge in 1839, Thomas Smith Greenwood and Joseph Marshall were instrumental in rescuing several of the passengers. For their heroic actions, each man received a gold medal from the Humane Society of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>In 1901, by operation of will, ownership of the Greenwood land passed to Thomas S. Greenwood&#39;s daughter Pauline T. Farley, who would be the last of the Smith descendant owners. Pauline held the land until 1911, when she sold it to Guy Murchie, to whom she had previously leased it for several years. The land was acquired by Robert Dodge in 1916, whose daughters turned it over to the care of the Trustees of Reservations in 1975. The Paine-Dodge House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Other people of interest</h2><br>
<p>Other people of interest who have resided at Grove Farm/Greenwood Farm include:</p><br>
<p>Charles Johnson Maynard, naturalist, publisher and illustrator of numerous books on natural history — first husband of Pauline T. Greenwood.</p><br>
<p>Helen Stevens Greenwood, a professional artist and operator of an art school in Boston. Helen was known professionally as Helen S. Farley and then Helen Farley Blaney.</p><br>
<p>Henry Robertson Blaney, the second husband of Helen Greenwood—a professional artist and author/illustrator of "Old Boston" and "The Golden Caribbean."</p><br>
<p>Battle Hall, also known as "The Old Library," is a historic library on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. It is one of four buildings on campus that have been added to the National Register of Historic Places. The others are the Littlefield House, University Junior High School, now the School of Social Work Building and Little Campus, now called John W. Hargis Hall.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by New York architect Cass Gilbert in 1911, using a Spanish-Mediterranean Revival style. It served as the main library until the new main building was completed in 1937. It now houses the Architecture and Planning Library, the Alexander Architectural Archive and the Center for American Architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design, particularly its Spanish red tile roof, overhanging eaves and limestone walls, heavily influenced the 1933 master plan developed by Paul Cret, which in turn is a design requirement for new buildings on campus to this day.</p><br>
<p>The Bull-Jackson House, also known as Hill-Hold Museum, is located on NY 416 in the town of Hamptonburgh in Orange County, New York. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since May 17, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The stone structure was built in 1769 by early settler Thomas Bull, who also gave his name to the countys largest park, just across Route 416. Orange County took possession of the house from the last of Bulls direct descendants in the late 1960s, and today it and the surrounding farmstead is operated as a museum of early life in the region.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>The museum grounds contain a summer kitchen, a one room school house, a smoke house, farms animals and gift shop.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Bull, mason, also built Knox&#39;s Headquarters State Historic Site in Vails Gate, New York.</p><br>
<p>The Essex National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area composed of all of Essex County, Massachusetts. It is overseen by the Essex National Heritage Commission , a non-profit organization based in Salem, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The heritage area covers all of Essex County, including 34 cities and towns, 9,968 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places, 26 National Historic Landmarks, 9 state parks, and 2 National Park Service units.</p><br>
<p>Along with 2.7 million annual visitors, roughly 743,159 residents live in the region, which is in the Greater Boston metropolitan area.</p><br>
<h3>Cities and towns</h3><br>
<p>The heritage area includes the Merrimack Valley cities of Lawrence, Haverhill, and Amesbury, Massachusetts, which were important industrial and trade centers in the 18th and 19th centuries and the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution in North America (along with nearby Lowell, Massachusetts), as well as the coastal cities of Newburyport, Gloucester and Salem, Massachusetts, also important locations in early American trade and history.</p><br>
<p>One of the most unusual landmarks of its region, the Colorado National Guard Armory, known commonly by locals simply as the Armory, was built in 1913 by the Colorado National Guard as an armory, quarters, mess hall and auditorium for the Guards Company A of Engineers. When it was completed in 1914, the Company was housed in this buildings second and third floors while the first-story garden level was available for rental to the public. The Armorys original uses included: Goldens Post Office ; photo shop ; barracks, mess hall, weapons storage and drill hall ; auditorium ; and map room . In subsequent years the building served in part or whole as a hotel, offices, industrial bank, and student housing. During the influenza epidemic of 1918 the building became an emergency hospital for ill patients used by the Red Cross, and in 1933 it became the local headquarters of the Civil Works Administration, the federal depression era agency which created several area improvements. Today the Armory serves as Colorado School of Mines student housing with offices and shops.</p><br>
<h2>Cobblestone Castle</h2><br>
<p>The Armory was designed by James H. Gow, originally in a design that was meant to be made of brick. Cost-cutting measures led the Guard to switch the building to a free and plentiful local resource, cobblestone, which would make the building more distinctive and famous. 3,300 wagonloads weighing 6,600 tons were hauled by Lawrence W. Billis from Clear Creek to this site, and as it rose some locals predicted it would collapse. It has remained standing for over 100 years to this day. It was listed in Ripleys Believe It Or Not as the largest cobblestone building in the United States. Actor Gene Hackman is one of its previous owners, according to Jefferson County property records. Although its cornerstone, at the northeast base corner of the second level, appears out of plumb, this is an optical illusion created by the cobblestone construction. Reputedly the building may have been inspired by Col. Joseph C. Taylors fondness for the Royal Military Academy buildings at Sandhurst, England. It may also be inspired by the castle emblem of Company A, engineers. The historic post office walk-in safe can be visited by the public in its lower level. Its lowest walls are several feet thick, owing to the massive load above them. The Armory was the first of many area buildings of its time constructed primarily in rustic cobblestone, fieldstone and other native stone, a unique local architectural movement that continued into the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The Barnes-Peery House, known commonly as the Barnes Mansion, is one of the oldest private homes of Jefferson County, Colorado, USA. It was built in 1865 by David Barnes, the first flour miller in Jefferson County, who had just moved his flouring mill  to Golden after establishing it on Bear Creek to the south the year before. The Barnes home was the first major brick house in Jefferson County, and is designed in Italianate style, featuring rows of stone arched windows. A rear carriage house was built in 1871. While living here Barnes founded Loveland, Colorado, in 1873. After surviving a fire that destroyed its roof in 1875, the home went on to house other owners of the flour mill, including the Peery family who operated the business for much of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Stefanovikio  is a small town in Thessaly, Greece. It is part of the Rigas Feraios municipality, and the municipal unit Karla.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Stefanovikio is located in the prefecture of Magnesia, in the Rigas Feraios municipality (before the Kallikratis plan merged, in 2011, three former municipalities which became municipal units, Feres, Karla and Keramidi, it was one of four communities making up Karla municipality). The extent of the new municipality is 549.77 square kilometers with a population of 12.096 according to the 2001 census.</p><br>
<h2>The name</h2><br>
<p>In 1809, William Martin Leake visited Stefanovikio and wrote that the "Chatzimes is a chiflik with 50 Greek houses." In all likelihood, "Chatzimes" was the name of the village&#39;s Ottoman owner. The headquarters of the Turkish lord of Stefanovikeio, the Konaki (Κονάκι), is the only building that survived the earthquake of 1957.</p><br>
<p>A few years later, in 1815, the name had been changed to Chatzimissi ("Half-a-Hadji")," as Arg. Filippides writes in his book "Geographia Meriki". This name, (Χατζήμισι), could possibly originate in the fact that the Turkish owner of the area did not manage to complete the Hajj to Mecca and assume the title of Hajji.</p><br>
<p>Shortly before the area was taken from the Ottomans and returned to Greece in 1881, the village and the surrounding area were purchases by the Paul Stefanovic Skylitsis. His mother, Eleni Machaira, is said to have encouraged him to give the land away to benefit Greece, and, as reported by the residents, he did donate the land to the Greek state, prompting the people to name the village after him.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the liberation in 1881, owner of the village was a Yugoslav origin, named Paul Stefanovik Skylitsis who parakarlia entire region, 44,000 acres, had - as they say - win on paper at Istanbul of the Turkish owner. Another fortune throughout Thessaly, the Stefanovik had acquired by lending money beys.</p><br>
<p>However Stefanovik mother was Greek, was what prompted him to give no consideration to the extent to residents of Stefanovikeiou. The Stefanovik indeed - as reported by residents - donated to the Greek State to the extent, in not recognizing that the bid was of the inhabitants the name of the village.</p><br>
<p>But those who vindicated clergy, paid for the value of land were granted. Indeed, most, the estates got paid twice the conductor government who visited the village, who usually avoided giving evidence for the money received. So the people were always in debt and when it appeared in the village of the collector, because they had no money to pay, hiding in the reeds of Karla. From there they came, just removed the conductor the front passenger&#39;s policeman.</p><br>
<p>The Stefanovik apart from the manor of Stefanovikeiou, he owned other estates 31 of which 26 in Thessaly. In tsiflikia Thessaly except forage areas, there were 265,000 ha. Arable, overall receiver in all Thessalian tsiflikia of Stefanovik - known as Stefanovikeia estates - were established 600 families.</p><br>
<p>After the death of Stefanovik, the inherited estates of the nephew situated in London, with the same name. This is stated in the book Soph. Triantafyllidi "The kolligoi Thessaly."</p><br>
<p>In the year 1901, deceased Paul Stefanovik, that heir (nephew), sold to Greek these Kyvernisin, eftelestatou portion these Thessalia tsiflikia the for the purpose to distribute these in the cultivated However villagers.</p><br>
<p>On September 5 of 1901, published in Istanbul covenant Stefanovik. With this covenant - as the newspaper «Thessaly Volos writes" - amongst other large gifts to the nation, Paul Stefanovik Skylitsis, donations to Greece the ex Thessaly estates amounting to 22 villages, whose value is calculated to 10,000,000 drs., but liable to a Greek Government as revenues therefrom are given in the Globally Patriarchate such will have less, for rectifying the Meanwhile, enslaved Hellenic Orthodox Klirou &#39;.</p><br>
<p>On 07.12.1901 signed the Stefanovik estate sales contract instead of 80,000 pounds, price considered "almost worthless". The value of land paid by loan approved by the National Bank. On 14.02.1902 began in Larissa receipt of the estates from Global Surveyor and 05/23/1902, the government finally decided to rent them, until they become the counting and in quality of land classification to follow the distribution.</p><br>
<p>Finally on 09.29.1902, was auction for temporary rent in private estate of Stefanovikeiou and Rizomylos (Ριζόμυλος). In 1904, someone named bey Salich, raised an action against that fitted in London Ioannou Stefanovik, brother of Pavlos Stefanovik, which claimed some estates, which had already bought Greek government. In the treatment of the Salich Mpeis claimed that he held the titles of land which had mortgaged the late Stefanovik was not willing to pay the amount borrowed plus interest, in order to return the land. The case was heard in the Commercial Court of Kosntantinoupolis on 07.03.1904 without a decision immediately. Ultimately the treatment of Salich refused. However, the submission of the application, it caused great inconvenience to farmers as appears from the reports of Volos newspapers. The village during the Turkish occupation, it was the seat of the bey of parakarlias area. Indeed, about 4 km. From the last houses of the village to the side of Karla traces of old settlements on the sites "Magoula" and "Stone".</p><br>
<p>Website of village=https://sites.google.com/site/otopospouzesame/home/to-stephanobikeio-semera</p><br>
<p>Website of high school=http://gym-stefan.mag.sch.gr/</p><br>
<p>The Herman Coors House was once the home of Herman Frederick Coors. It was originally built as a modest bungalow in 1915 by Elmer Johnson, a builder who later in 1934 built the brewhouse of the Coors Brewery. In 1917 the house was purchased by Coors, a younger son of Adolph Coors, who hired noted area architect Jacques Benedict to transform it into a beautiful and artistic Tudor Revival style home, with a wooden arch front door canopy and stone terracing around. Coors was an officer of the Coors Porcelain Company, and in 1921 moved away to Inglewood, California where he established the H.F. Coors Company to manufacture porcelain there. The house was then purchased by banker Edward A. Phinney, who owned the Rubey National Bank in downtown Golden. He built a companion cottage and barn behind the house in 1928. His fortunes took a tragic turn, however, during the Bank Holiday of the Great Depression, when he lost much of his fortune trying to save the bank. Since that time the home has remained very well and artistically preserved.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Lost Creek Bridge is a covered bridge near the unincorporated community of Lake Creek, in Jackson County in the USA state of Oregon. The site is about 15 mi east-northeast of Medford. At 39 ft long, the structure is the shortest covered bridge in Oregon. It carries Lost Creek Road over Lost Creek,</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In that same year, it was closed to vehicle traffic. A newer concrete bridge runs parallel to the wooden bridge and serves as a bypass.</p><br>
<p>Anecdotal accounts and limited evidence suggest that the bridge might have been built as early as 1878. If confirmed, this would make it the oldest standing covered bridge in the state. The Oregon Department of Transportation says that the official construction date of 1919 may actually refer to a renovation of an older bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The truss of the bridge is a queen post-style modified by cross members. Other features include open ends rather than the usual portal arches, ribbon openings at the eaves, and buttresses that are cantilevered. The bridge has a shingle roof and a floor of diagonal planking. Local residents installed a new roof in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>Adjacent to the bridge is the Walch Family Wayside Park. Descendants of pioneer settlers John and Marie Newsome Walch built and maintain the park, which includes picnic tables, a bandstand, flower gardens, and other amenities.</p><br>
<h2>About Pilikula</h2><br>
<p>Pilikula literally means Pond of Tigers. In Tulu language "pili" means tiger and "kula" means lake. In olden days, tigers used to come to this lake to drink water. Hence, this lake came to be known as Pilikula.</p><br>
<p>Pilikula Nisarga Dhama Society has developed this area and it has now become the hot spot for people who are looking for scenic beauty & peace. Pilikula has a huge lake & beautifully laid gardens encircling the entire lake. One can see swans & ducks moving around in the lake & sometimes they even move into the gardens. Boating facilities are available in the lake. One can either use pedaling boats (mostly preferred by couples) or bigger boats carry about 10 to 15 persons.</p><br>
<h2>Zoo & Theme park</h2><br>
<p>On the other side of the road, there is a zoo featuring several wild animals. The specialty of this zoo is that the wild animals are not kept in cages. They are in the open. However, there are partitions like wide trenches or wire mesh, in order to avoid direct contact with visitors. There are tigers, leopards, bears and other wild animals inside the park.</p><br>
<p>There is also a variety of snakes & birds in the zoo</p><br>
<h2>Manasa Water Park</h2><br>
<p>Adjacent to zoo is Manasa Water Park which is similar to the Water Kingdom in Mumbai.</p><br>
<h2>Pilikula Arboretum (Pilikula Botanical Garden)</h2><br>
<p>An arboretum (a garden comprising woody species of plants, i.e. trees and shrubs) extending over an area of 35 ha has been established at Pilikula Nisarga Dhama where about 60,000 seedlings belonging to 236 taxa of flowering plants of Western Ghats, spread over 60 families have been planted randomly as well as family clusters. They include 70 taxa endemic to the Western Ghats region. The arboretum has a focus on the conservation of the plants of the Western Ghats. It not only contains a number of threatened species, but also a few Re-discovered species that were considered to be extinct earlier.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum also includes 6 acres devoted to medicinal plants with more than 460 varieties, often visited by students of botany and Ayurvedic medicine.</p><br>
<p>9 aquatic Ponds containing aquatic plants like 1) Lotus 2) Lilies etc. are seen here</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>City buses (Route no. 3) are available to this area. However, it would be better to have your own vehicle if you want to visit all 3 areas.</p><br>
<h2>Golf Course</h2><br>
<p>The Pilikula Golf Course is set in an area of 48 acre. Currently it has nine fairways and nine greens, with a total yardage of about 3131 yards, have been laid traversing the hills and the dales. It is a very challenging course and has been appreciated by serious golfers from the region. Care has been taken to make sure the course is well laid out and maintained. With over 500 members it is slowly gaining popularity. The weather does come in the way of it being utilised fully, but it does not deter serious golfers from playing even during mid-day. Popular times of tee-off are usually early in the morning (06:30), which allows for a full 18-hole round(9 holes played twice) and in the evenings after four.</p><br>
<p>The Pilikula Challenge Cup, held every year attracts more than 150 golfers from Coorg, Mysore, Chikmagalur and Bangalore.</p><br>
<p>A new club house was inaugurated in December 2010. It has 7 rooms, a restaurant and a bar.</p><br>
<p>Lake Panache is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located in the Sudbury District, although a small portion of the lake lies within the southernmost city limits of Greater Sudbury, approximately 10 kilometres south of the community of Whitefish.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s westernmost point lies within Foster township near Espanola, and its easternmost point lies within Bevin township south of Lively.</p><br>
<p>Its main water inflow and outflow is the Whitefish River system. Part of the lake&#39;s southern shore forms the boundary of Killarney Lakelands and Headwaters Provincial Park, an extension of Killarney Provincial Park which was designated in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The lake was originally named Panache (in the sense of style or flair) for its resemblance to a moose antler. It is not known exactly when the lake was so named, although the name appears on maps of the area dating as far back as 1863. Over time, however, the common English spelling of the name morphed into Penage. More recently, official usage has reverted to the original Panache spelling, although Penage is still sometimes seen in everyday usage.</p><br>
<p>A popular recreational cottage lake in the region, the lake is accessible by two roads, Municipal Road 10 (Panache Lake Road) in Greater Sudbury and Penage Lake Road in Espanola. Much of the lake, however, is accessible only via boat from marinas at the ends of the two access roads.</p><br>
<p>The eastern portion of the lake was served by two full service marinas. Gemmells and Whiteheads are competing marinas providing car and boat parking, fuel, groceries, bait and water taxi service. Gemmell&#39;s changed hands in the fall of 1966 and was purchased by the Lundgren and Sutinen families and was renamed Penage Marina.</p><br>
<p>Whiteheads marina was purchased by Bill Blanchard and then resold to Vic and Judy Erola. In the late-1970s, Delky and Louis Dozzi purchased the Erola interests and renamed the marina Penage Bay Marina. In the early-1970s, the Lundgrens sold out to the Sutinen family. In June 1980 the Dozzi brothers purchased the Penage Marina from the Sutinens. After 30 years of ownership, Louis Dozzi sold the Penage Bay Marina in 2007 to Guy Richard.</p><br>
<p>The western portion of the lake has a full service marina which also provides confectionery and restaurant service. Private boathouses are also located at this site.</p><br>
<p>The Panache Campers Association has been in the forefront in providing a safe environment for all on the lake. The Association funds and maintains the hazard beacons on the lake as well as being the stewards for a safe and clean environment for all.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Laura Gale House, also known as the Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House, is a home in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The house was designed by master architect Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1909. It is located within the boundaries of the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District and has been listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places since March 5, 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Laura R. Gale, widow of realtor Thomas Gale, commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to design the house on Elizabeth Court in 1909. This was not the first time that the Gale family utilized Wright. The architect had designed two houses on Chicago Avenue in Oak Park, two of Wrights "bootleg" houses, for the Gales. The Gale House was designed during Wrights most productive Prairie style period and has been cited by architectural "authorities" as a milestone in the development of early modern architecture. The house was occupied by its original owner until 1962 when architect Howard Rosenwinkel purchased it and undertook a meticulous restoration. The current owners of the house are Andrea Kayne and Andrew C. Mead.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in his own Prairie style. Through his use of abstract geometrical shapes in the detail and mass of the house Wright may have anticipated and inspired the modern European architects of the 1920s. The house is considered one of Wright&#39;s most unusual designs from his years in Oak Park, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as well as being listed a contributing property to the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District. The home is considered one of Wright&#39;s most successful small house designs and the forerunner to several other important Prairie style, Wright-designed homes which culminated with the completion of Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The Arthur B. Heurtley House is located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The house was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and constructed in 1902. The Heurtley House is considered one of the earliest examples of a Frank Lloyd Wright house in full Prairie style. The house was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places when it was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 16, 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>While the Heurtleys owned the home it underwent three major changes. They added screens to the windows on the elevated porch as well as a breakfast room on the main floor. The third of the Heurtleys changes converted the "wood room," as it was known on Wrights original drawing into a pantry or food storage area. It is thought that the breakfast room addition and wood room conversion were done through Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s office but the dates remain unconfirmed.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 the house was purchased by Frank Lloyd Wrights sister, Jane Porter, and her husband, Andrew. They converted the home into a duplex in the 1930s and each floor was separated into apartments. The Porters stayed in the Heurtley House for 26 years. After the Porters left the house, two other owners altered the home further. The kitchens and bathrooms were modernized, the front loggia enclosed and a black iron gate was added to the homes entryway. A master bathroom was added in the last fifteen feet of the main floor veranda and the living room inglenook and dining room breakfront were removed. A second chimney and a furnace were also added. Between 1997 and 2002, the owners of the house spent 1.2 million dollars on a complete restoration of the building, which was overseen by restoration architect John Thorpe in collaboration with Doug Freerksen and his staff at Von Dreele-Freerksen Construction Company.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Heurtley House is one of Wright&#39;s earliest, fully mature Prairie style houses and the patterns that he established with the home would eventually appear in many of his greatest works within the style. Exterior emphasis on the horizontal, with strong detail in the wooden siding and high bands of windows. The roof is low pitched, and features broad eaves. Terraces and balconies are featured to bring the outside living easily to the occupants.</p><br>
<p>One enters the house through a grade level front door into a deeply colored low ceilinged entry hall. Major spaces are raised above the surrounding grounds, and as one climbs the stairs from the ground level, one is thrust into areas featuring soaring ceilings with trim echoing roof forms. Wright used this transition to emphasize that one was leaving the outside world behind as they ascended the stairs. Fireplaces, symbolizing hearth and home are centralized in the middle of the structure. The home&#39;s interior is unique in that its floor plan is reversed from the traditional layout of two story American homes that were contemporary to the era in which the Heurtly House was built. In those houses. public rooms were located on the first floor level, and private spaces on the second floor level. The public living and dining areas are on the top floor of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House  is located at 116 South Third Street in the downtown area of Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA. The building, constructed in 1890, faces the Red River of the North and sits between the BNSF Railway tracks and a parking structure. At one time, the Opera House was considered the best opera house between Minneapolis and Seattle. Today, the building has been converted into an apartment building called the Opera House Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House was built in 1890 by the Grand Forks Opera Company on land donated by James J. Hill of the Great Northern Railway at a cost of $91,000. Though the term "Metropolitan" may have been an overstatement for a community that, at the time, had just 5,000 citizens, those behind construction of the building were looking to the city&#39;s future growth. The building required two mortgages to complete and struggled to stay in the black after opening. Nonetheless, it was able to provide citizens 50 years of opera and theatre.</p><br>
<p>By the 1940s, opera had fallen in popularity due to new forms of entertainment such as film. The Met was no exception and the curtain fell for the last time. Over the next 50 years, the building was home to a variety of businesses. During this period, the 1890s interior was gutted and replaced by bars and bowling alleys.</p><br>
<p>Badly damaged during the 1997 Red River Flood, the building sat empty for several years and came close to meeting the wrecking ball. However, the former opera house was saved by the Historic Preservation Commission. The exterior has since been restored to its 1890s appearance, while the interior has been converted to high-end apartments with space for businesses on the first floor. In 2015, Rhombus Guys Brewing Company opened on the first floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by prominent Minneapolis architect Warren B. Dunnell in the Richardsonian Romanesque style.</p><br>
<p>It went through an extensive renovation/restoration by JLG Architects in 2005 and 2006.</p><br>
<p>Mount Manypeaks is a distinctive peak located approximately 35 km north-east of Albany, Western Australia, 10 km north-east of Two Peoples Bay and 6 km south-east of the town of Manypeaks in the City of Albany local government area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is the dominant feature in the area and was named by Captain Matthew Flinders in January 1802 whilst surveying the south coast region in the "Investigator". Flinders noted in his journal "There are a number of small peaks upon the top of this ridge, which induced me to give it the name Mount Manypeak". The plural form has now become the accepted form of spelling.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The Mount Manypeaks formation has a total length of 22 km and has a width of 3 km. The ridge is made up primarily of a type of granite, proterozoic porphyritic biotite granite as well as adamellite.</p><br>
<p>In places limestone lies over the granite block.</p><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>The Mount Manypeaks Nature Reserve forms part of the Two Peoples Bay and Mount Manypeaks Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its significance in the conservation of several rare and threatened bird species.</p><br>
<p>Sliding Rock is a waterfall in Western North Carolina, located near Brevard, so named because visitors can slide all the way down the waterfall into the plunge pool below.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Sliding Rock is a rock and small slide-type waterfall on Looking Glass Creek, in the Pisgah National Forest, near Brevard, North Carolina. It has a gentle slope and is about 60 feet long, ending in a large, deep pool (between 6–7 feet deep) at the bottom.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting the Falls</h2><br>
<p>The rock has long been used as a natural water slide for adventurous tourists and locals. The water is very cold and is popular for cooling off in the summer.</p><br>
<p>The area has been developed by the US Forest Service into a popular recreation area. Parking is available in a large lot above the rock and beside USA Highway 276. There are two viewing platforms, steps down to the pool and railings to help climb the rocks on the left side before sliding down. Sliding down is required in a sitting position only. A restroom and changing room is provided and a lifeguard is periodically on duty especially during summer weekends. At other times, sliding down the waterfall is done at a visitor&#39;s own risk. Children must be of a certain size to slide alone, otherwise, they may slide in the lap of an adult.</p><br>
<p>A $2.00 per person fee is charged by the Forest Service to use the area between Memorial Day and Labor Day weekends, when lifeguards and rangers are on duty. The rock is closed to sliders during times of high water or when lightning is detected in the area.</p><br>
<p>To get to the recreation area and the falls, travel north from the intersection of USA Highway 276, approximately 7.7 miles north of the intersection of 276, USA Highway 64, and NC Highway 280 in Brevard, North Carolina. En route, you will pass Looking Glass Falls and the parking area for Moore Cove Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby Falls</h2><br>
<p>Slick Rock Falls</p><br>
<p>Moore Cove Falls</p><br>
<p>Looking Glass Falls</p><br>
<p>Cedar Rock Falls</p><br>
<p>Cove Creek Falls</p><br>
<p>Daniel Ridge Falls</p><br>
<p>Twin Falls</p><br>
<p>Log Hollow Falls</p><br>
<p>Falls on Log Hollow Branch</p><br>
<p>Key Falls</p><br>
<p>The Delaware Academy of Medicine is a private, nonprofit organization founded in 1930. Its mission is "To enhance the well-being of the community through education and the promotion of public health". It is now located at 4765 Ogletown-Stanton Rd.  in Newark, Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Under the leadership of executive director, Timothy E. Gibbs, MPH, the Delaware Academy of Medicine became Delaware&#39;s affiliate to the American Public Health Association in November 2013 - thus becoming the Delaware Public Health Association. The new name is the Delaware Academy of Medicine / Delaware Public Health Association, or Academy/DPHA for short.</p><br>
<p>The Academy offers a range of services to the general public including: consumer health libraries in all three counties of Delaware, book and literature search services, public health information forums, a range of "members only" services, student financial aid, and various training programs.</p><br>
<p>The Academy/DPHA serves the general public directly as well. It makes its health information resources accessible to everyone in many ways, including professional reference librarian service, the Gail P. Gill Consumer Health Library of popular medical books. It also holds lectures and seminars to educate the public on important health topics; such as the Delaware Mini Medical School a jointly operated program of the Academy/DPHA and Christiana Care Health System.</p><br>
<p>The Academy/DPHA also has a 11,000+ item archives and history collection of medicine, dentistry, and public health in Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Public health initiatives of the Academy/DPHA include operation of the Immunization Coalition of Delaware, the Delaware Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment initiative, and many other advocacy efforts conducted in partnership with other public health institution and nonprofits on a local, regional, and national basis.</p><br>
<p>The academy&#39;s first building, located at 1925 Lovering Avenue in Wilmington, is an historic bank building (originally built in 1815 as the second building of the Bank of Delaware), which was moved to its present location by preservationists in 1931-2 to prevent its demolition, and with the intent of providing a home for the academy. It served the academy until 2006, when it moved to the campus of Christiania Care Health System in Newark, DE.</p><br>
<p>Antonelli Pond is a century old, man-made pond on the west side of the city of Santa Cruz, California that now has ecological and cultural significance. The pond and surrounding riparian habitat are foraging and/or breeding grounds for many species including raptors, egrets, great blue heron, deer, raccoon, coyote, and several rodent species, including woodrats. Additionally, the pond has many paths for walking and spots for fishing that are enjoyed on a daily basis by local community residents.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The non-profit organization Land Trust of Santa Cruz County (LTSCC) acquired Antonelli Pond as four parcels between 1982 and 1994. These include the pond itself, surrounding riparian areas and grasslands, and land that adjoins Moore Creek. The final parcel was obtained in 1994. The total area that LTSCC manages at Antonelli Pond is 13.7 acre and 3 m, with the pond itself making up approximately 6.4 acres (LTSCC 2004). In 1989, initial improvements were made to the pond and surrounding area. These improvements included graveled walking trails, small fishing platforms, a staircase near the northern bank leading to the water’s edge, wooden benches, and informational signs. The LTSCC’s goal is to preserve this space as an urban natural area, promote the continued use of the site for wildlife breeding and foraging, and maintain public access.</p><br>
<h2>Deteriorated conditions</h2><br>
<p>Conditions at Antonelli Pond have deteriorated. Invasive plant species have outcompeted many of the native plants and the number of bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species has declined. The trails have erosion problems mainly caused by unauthorized vehicle usage. Other damage is caused by trash such as beer bottles. Also, many of the benches, stairs, and fishing platforms have been vandalized.</p><br>
<p>Some invasive species have caused severe impacts to the natural community surrounding Antonelli Pond. The most damaging species at this site are Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Rubus discolor (Himalayan blackberry), Hedera helix (English ivy), and Delairea odorata (cape ivy).</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In the spring of 2007, restoration work began on a portion of the Antonelli Pond site. Efforts included initial removal of several invasive plant species, the installation of gates to prevent vehicle access, trail grading to prevent erosion, and the construction of several wood duck boxes around the pond edge to provide nesting habitat. Native seeds will be collected and propagated from species that currently populate the area. For additional re-vegetation, seeds, cuttings, and plant starts from other native species will be obtained from local nurseries. The first native planting is planned for the fall of 2007. An interim vegetation management plan was written to guide the clean-up, restoration, and conservation efforts that will be ongoing for the next several years.</p><br>
<p>Chatham Village is a community within the larger Mount Washington neighborhood of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and an internationally acclaimed model of community design. It is roughly bounded by Virginia Ave., Bigham St., Woodruff St., Saw Mill Run Blvd., and Olympia Rd. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2005 as a remarkably well-preserved example of Garden City Movement design. The village is owned and operated as a cooperative by its residents.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chatham Village was built 1932–1936, and was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright on the principles of the Garden City Movement of the early 20th century. It is in the Georgian Colonial Revival style. It was built to show that affordable housing for the working class could be attractive and safe, however it quickly became a middle- and upper-class neighborhood because it was so attractive. The funding was provided by Pittsburgh&#39;s Buhl Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Relevance</h2><br>
<p>In 2007, Chatham Village was included in the American Planning Association&#39;s list of Great Neighborhoods as part of its Great Places in America program, which recognized 10 neighborhoods from across the nation for good design, function, sustainability, and community involvement.</p><br>
<p>In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, writer Jane Jacobs criticizes Chatham Village as an example of how Garden City planning created islands of class homogeneity, thus fostering economic and social distance within Pittsburgh and other cities. Jacobs cites Chatham Village residents inabilities to cooperate with other parents once their children entered the more economically and socially diverse local junior high school, which drew lower-class and lower-middle-class students from outside of Chatham Village. In Jacobs view, the success of Chatham Village as an urban community in a park-like setting depended upon the residents&#39; tendencies to trust one another due to the similarities in their professional, economic, and social status. The ideals of city planning expressed in the Garden City Movement, Jacobs argues, are only suitable for upper-middle-class lifestyles and, thus, fail to engage the endemic economic and social diversity of cities.</p><br>
<h2>The homes</h2><br>
<p>The homes are red-brick-and-slate-roof townhomes. They are situated in clusters toward interior courtyards with their rears facing the loop roads around the property. The homes do have rear-access integral garages in the basements but these are recessed several feet to greatly reduce the visual impact.</p><br>
<p>The community is regarded as one of the best-preserved examples of the Garden City concept by city planners, architects, and landscape architects. It is also a National Historic Landmark, on the National Register of Historic Places, and is on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Chatham Hall</h2><br>
<p>The complex includes the Bigham House (former home of Thomas Bigham), originally built in 1844, and renovated for use as a community clubhouse, known as Chatham Hall. Thomas James Bigham (1810–1884) was an abolitionist lawyer, and his house was "purportedly a station on the Underground Railroad".</p><br>
<p>The Cabinet Mountains are part of the Rocky Mountains, located in northwest Montana and the Idaho panhandle, in the United States. The mountains cover an area of 2,134 square miles . The Cabinet Mountains lie south of the Purcell Mountains, between the Kootenai River and Clark Fork River and Idaho&#39;s Lake Pend Oreille. The Cabinet Mountains lie to the east of the Purcell Trench. The Cabinet Mountains form the north side of the Clark Fork River valley in Idaho and Montana. The Cabinet Mountains Wilderness is located east of the Bull River near Noxon, Montana in roughly the center of the range.</p><br>
<p>The highest peaks are Snowshoe Peak (8,738 ft, 2,663 m), A Peak (8,634 ft, 2,632 m), Bockman Peak (8,174 ft, 2,491 m), and Elephant Peak (7,938 ft, 2,433 m). Although of lower altitude than many Rocky Mountain peaks to the east in Montana, the Cabinet Mountains offer a stark contrast as the surrounding river valleys are at such relative low altitude.</p><br>
<p>The Cabinets are noted, along with the nearby Selkirk Mountains to the west, as being some of the most "wild" mountains left in the contiguous United States. They are home to mule deer, elk, moose, bighorn sheep, black bear, grizzly bear, wolverine, wolves and many smaller species.</p><br>
<p>The Cabinet Mountain geology is also believed to be potentially rich in minerals.Mineral resources of the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Lincoln and Sanders counties, Montana</p><br>
<p>1981, U. S. Geological Survey; U. S. Bureau of Mines.</p><br>
<p>USGS Bulletin: 1501</p><br>
